Abstract: Antifoams and/or deaeraters based on oil-in-water dispersions contain, in the hydrophobic oil phase, 3-thiaalkan-1-ols, 3-thiaoxoalkan-1-ols, 3-thiadioxoalkan-1-ols, esters of said compounds or mixtures thereof as compounds having an antifoam and/or deaerating effect, and 3-thiaalkan-1-ols, 3-thiaoxoalkan-1-ols, 3-thiadioxoalkan-1-ols, esters of said compounds or mixtures thereof are used as antifoams and/or deaeraters.

Abstract: A process for modifying starch by heating starch in an aqueous medium to temperatures above the gelatinization temperature of said starch comprises effecting said modifying of said starch in the presence of (a) a polymeric cationizer selected from the group consisting of the polymers containing vinylamine units and having molar masses of up to 1 million, the polyethyleneimines, the polydiallyldimethylammonium chlorides, the condensates of dimethylamine with epichlorohydrin or dichloroalkanes, the condensates of dichloroethane and ammonia, and the mixtures thereof, and (b) polymeric papermaking drainage aids selected from the group consisting of the water-soluble crosslinked polyamidoamines with or without an ethyleneimine graft, the polymers containing acrylamide and/or methacrylamide units and having molar masses of more than 1 million, the polymers containing vinylamine units and having molar masses of more then 1 million, and the mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Antifoams and/or deaerators are based on oil-in-water emulsions which contain, in the hydrophobic oil phase, at least one compound effective as an antifoam and/or deaerator and, if required, further components, the oil-in-water emulsions containing from 0.01 to 3% by weight of a water-soluble, amphiphilic copolymer having acid groups or of a water-soluble salt thereof as a stabilizer.

Abstract: Paper, board and cardboard having high dry strength are produced by the addition of cationic, anionic and/or amphoteric starch as dry strength agents to the paper stock and drainage of the paper stock with sheet formation in the presence of cationic polymers as retention aids for starch, and cationic polymeric retention aids are used for increasing the retention of dry strength agents comprising cationic, anionic and/or amphoteric starch in the production of paper, board and cardboard.

Abstract: Starch is modified with at least one cationic polymer P) and the modified starch is prepared by a process in which a) an anionically modified starch A) is reacted with a cationic polymer P) or b) a natural starch B) or a starch C) which has not been anionically modified is reacted with the cationic polymer P) in the presence of an anionic modifier M) and the polymer-modified starch is used.

Abstract: A process for preparing addition polymers which contain carbamate units comprises reacting polyethyleneimines or addition polymers which contain vinylamine units of the formula where R1 is hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl, with haloformic esters, the carbamate-functionalized polyethyleneimine or vinylamine polymers thus obtainable being useful as retention, drainage and flocculation aids and as fixatives in papermaking, as protective colloids for the preparation of aqueous alkyldiketene dispersions and as dispersants for the preparation of aqueous filler slurries.

Abstract: A starch modified with at least one cationic polymer is prepared by a process in which dry, free-flowing starch is initially taken and the cationic polymer is applied thereon without the starch particles sticking together, and the polymer-modified starch is used.

Abstract: Graft polymers are obtainable by free radical polymerization of(A) monomers or monomer mixtures comprising(a) from 1 to 100% by weight of N-vinylcarboxamides of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, (b) from 0 to 99% by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with the monomers (a) and(c) from 0 to 5% by weight of monomers having at least two ethylenically unsaturated, nonconjugated double bonds in the molecule,in the presence of(B) polymers which contain units of vinyl esters of saturated C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A graft polymer obtained by free radically polymerizing:(A) a monomer or monomer mixture comprising:(a) from 10-100% by weight of a N-vinylcarboxamide of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, (b) from 0-90% by weight of at least one other monoethylenically unsaturated monomer which is copolymerizable with (a), and(c) from 0-5% by weight of at least one monomer having at least two ethylenically unsaturated nonconjugated double bonds in the molecule, in the presence of(B) a polytetrahydrofuran or a polymer which contains at least 3 units of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene oxide and is a hornopolymer of C.sub.2-4 -alkylene oxide having two free terminal OH groups or random or block copolymers of C.sub.2-4 -alkylene oxides having two free terminal OH groups or the reaction products of C.sub.

Abstract: Aqueous alkyldiketene dispersions comprising an alkyldiketene, cationic starch having an amylopectic content of at least 95% by weight and as anionic dispersants(a) from 0.05 to 1.0% by weight of ligninsulfonic acid, condensates of naphthalenesulfonic acid and formaldehyde, sulfonated polystyrene, salts and mixtures of said polymers and (b) from 0.05 to 1.5% by weight of sulfuric monoesters of alcohols having at least 10 carbon atoms, phosphoric monoesters or diesters of alcohols having at least 10 carbon atoms, sulfuric monoesters of alkoxylated alcohols having at least 10 carbon atoms, phosphoric monoesters or diesters of alkoxylated alcohols having at least 10 carbon atoms, C.sub.12 -C.sub.30 -alkylsulfonic acids, salts and mixtures of said compoundscan be used as body size in the manufacture of paper, paperboard and cardboard and for making cellulose fibers hydrophobic.

Abstract: Aqueous alkyldiketene dispersions which contain a C.sub.14 -C.sub.22 -alkyldiketene and from 1 to 10% by weight of a polymeric protective colloid contain, as the protective colloid(a) copolymers of(1) N-vinylpyrrolidone and(2) at least one quaternized N-vinylimidazole or a substituted quaternized N-vinylimidazoleas polymerized units in a molar ratio of from 80:20 to 5:95 and have a K value of at least 20 (according to H. Fikentscher in 0.5 M aqueous sodium chloride solution at a polymer concentration of 0.1% by weight and at 25.degree. C.) or(b) condensates which are obtainable by(1) partial amidation of polyethyleneimines with monocarboxylic acids and, if required(2) condensation of the partially amidated polyethyleneimines with at least bifunctional crosslinking agents which have a halohydrin, glycidyl, aziridine or isocyanate unit or a halogen atom as a functional groupto give crosslinked, amidated polyethyleneimines which have a viscosity of at least 100 mPa.

Abstract: Aqueous pigment slurries which contain up to 80% by weight of a finely divided pigment in dispersed form and from 0.1 to 5% by weight of dispersants which are obtainable by reacting(a) polyalkylenepolyamines, polyamidoamines, polyamidoamines grafted with ethyleneimine, polyetheramines and mixtures of the stated compounds and(b) monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, salts, esters, amides or nitriles of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, chlorocarboxylic acids and/or glycidyl compounds and, if required,(c) bifunctional or polyfunctional crosslinking agents which have a halohydrin, glycidyl, aziridine or isocyanate unit or a halogen atom as a functional group,to give water-soluble condensates which, in 20% strength by weight aqueous solution at 20.degree. C., have a viscosity of at least 100 mPa.s are prepared by milling or dispersing pigments in the presence of the dispersants and water and are used as additives to paper stock in the production of filler-containing paper.

Abstract: Aqueous pigment slurries which contain up to 80% by weight of a finely divided pigment in dispersed form and from 0.1 to 5% by weight of a water-soluble reaction product of(a) a polyamidoamine grafted with ethyleneimine and(b) a bifunctional or polyfunctional crosslinking agents which have a halohydrin, glycidyl, aziridine or isocyanate unit or a halogen atom as a functional group,the reaction product, in 25% strength by weight aqueous solution at 20.degree. C., having a viscosity of at least 100 mPa.s, are used as an additive to the paper stock in the production of filler-containing paper.

Abstract: A process for dyeing paper in connection with paper manufacture by adding water-soluble anionic dyes and cationic polymers which contain vinylamine units to the paper pulp as fixing agents and removing water from the paper pulp with the formation of dyed paper is described.

Abstract: Condensates of polyalkylenepolyamines which are obtainable by(a) partial amidation of polyalkylenepolyamines and(b) condensation of the partially amidated polyalkylenepolyamines with bifunctional or polyfunctional crosslinking agentsto give crosslinked polyalkylenepolyamines which, in 20% strength aqueous solution at 20.degree. C., have a viscosity of at least 100 mPa.s, processes for the preparation of the condensates of polyalkylenepolyamines by partial amidation of polyalkylenepolyamines with carboxylic acids, carboxylic esters, carboxylic anhydrides or carbonyl halides and crosslinking of the partially amidated polyalkylenepolyamines with bifunctional or polyfunctional crosslinking agents, from 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent being used per part by weight of the partially amidated polyalkylenepolyamines, and the use of the resulting condensates as drainage aids, flocculants, retention aids and fixing agents in papermaking.

Abstract: The free resin particles which present problems in papermaking are determined according to number and size in order to bind them to the wood fibers by adding assistants and hence render them harmless. For this purpose, a paper stock suspension is prepared and the resin particles are separated from said suspension and then marked with a fluorescent dye and isolated. The light signals emitted by the individual resin particles after excitation are detected for determination of number and size.

Abstract: Paper, board and cardboard are produced by draining a paper stock, containing undesirable substances, in the presence of hydrolyzed homo- and/or copolymers of N-vinylformamide having a degree of hydrolysis of not less than 60% and a cationic retention aid. According to the invention, faster drainage and improved retention are obtained compared with the use of known fixing agents.