Abstract: An battery cell, a battery cell hazard detection system, and a method for detecting a hazardous battery condition at an early stage is provided. An example battery cell may include a battery cell package defining an interior compartment of the battery cell. The battery cell may further include an anode disposed in the interior compartment of the battery cell, a cathode disposed in the interior compartment of the battery cell, and a separator positioned between the anode and the cathode. A chemical coating may be disposed on the surface of the separator, such that, in an instance in which an interior temperature within the interior compartment of the battery cell exceeds a pre-determined maximum operating temperature, the chemical coating may evaporate, forming a chemical coating vapor indicating to a sensing device the hazardous condition of the battery cell.

Abstract: Example apparatuses, methods, and systems for detecting battery module leakage are provided. An example battery module leakage detection device includes a pressure and temperature sensor and a controller. In some examples, the pressure and temperature sensor is positioned within a battery module casing of a battery module. In some examples, the controller is in electronic communication with the pressure and temperature sensor and configured to receive a plurality of detected pressure signals and a plurality of detected temperature signals, calculate a detected pressure-to-temperature value, calculate a pressure-to-temperature difference value, and, in response to determining that the pressure-to-temperature difference value is outside a tolerance threshold, generate a leakage warning signal associated with the battery module.

Abstract: An example multi-beam, radar based ground speed sensor utilizing a single radar integrated circuit apparatus, is provided. An example multi-beam, radar based ground speed sensor utilizing a single radar integrated circuit includes a single radar integrated circuit configured to generate frequency spectrum data and signal processing circuitry in communication with the single radar integrated circuit. The signal processing circuitry includes at least one processor and at least one memory having computer coded instructions. The computer-coded instructions are configured to, in execution with the processor, configure the signal processing circuitry to receive feedback frequency spectrum data from two or more directed frequency spectrum data beams reflecting of an obstructing surface and determine a ground speed based at least in part on the signal measurements of the returning feedback frequency spectrum data.