Abstract: A flexible multi-layer packaging material is provided. The packaging material includes a first film layer, a second film in layer, and at least one electrochemical cell located within the first and second film layers. The electrochemical cell comprises an anode, a cathode, an anode current collector, a cathode current collector, and an electrolyte by which the anode and the cathode are ionically connected.

Abstract: A flexible multi-layer packaging material is provided. The packaging material includes a first film layer, a second film in layer, and at least one electrochemical cell located within the first and second film layers. The electrochemical cell comprises an anode, a cathode, an anode current collector, a cathode current collector, and an electrolyte by which the anode and the cathode are ionically connected.

Abstract: A battery (400) comprising: an anode (300) and a cathode (401), and an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein one or both of the anode and the cathode comprises an electrode comprising a plurality of sheets of graphene (101) and a plurality of carbon nanohorns (201) disposed between adjacent sheets and further comprises zinc (301). The plurality of carbon nanohorns may be arranged in a plurality of carbon nanohorn agglomerates (102).

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: first and second circuit boards with respective electrodes thereon, the first and second circuit boards in a bonded configuration; one or more first layers positioned to be proximal to the one or more of the electrodes; electrolyte proximal to the respective electrodes; one or more second layers configured to provide for the bonded configuration in which the first and second circuit boards are bonded together, under curing, such that the respective one or more first layers are positioned between the one or more second layers and the electrodes, the bonding defining a chamber therebetween with the electrodes therein and facing one another, the chamber comprising the electrolyte; and wherein the one or more first layers are configured to inhibit interaction of the electrolyte with the one or more second layers during curing.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a single battery ribbon and vacuum packaging. The single battery ribbon includes a first portion, a second portion, and an interconnecting portion between the first portion and the second portion. The first portion includes a first block. The second portion includes a second block. The first portion, the second portion, and the interconnecting portion form a continuous single layer including an anode and a cathode. The vacuum packaging surrounds the single battery ribbon. The vacuum packaging includes a middle connecting portion configured to contact a first side of the interconnecting portion and a second opposite side of the interconnecting portion.

Abstract: An electrical energy storage device structure comprises a first conductive sheet, a second conductive sheet and an electrolyte sheet placed between the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet. In the device, at least one of the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet comprises a layer of carbon nanoparticles. The carbon nanoparticle layer is arranged to be adjacent to the electrolyte sheet. The carbon nanoparticles may include both high aspect ratio carbon nanoparticles and low aspect ratio carbon nanoparticles. The device is flexible and at least partially transparent.

Abstract: An apparatus, the apparatus including first and second circuit boards, and an electrolyte, the first and second circuit boards each including a capacitive element, wherein the apparatus is configured such that a chamber is defined between the first and second circuit boards with the capacitive elements contained therein and facing one another, the chamber including the electrolyte, and wherein the apparatus is configured to store electrical charge when a potential difference is applied between the capacitive elements.

Abstract: An apparatus, the apparatus including first and second circuit boards, and an electrolyte, the first and second circuit boards each including a capacitive element, wherein the apparatus is configured such that a chamber is defined between the first and second circuit boards with the capacitive elements contained therein and facing one another, the chamber including the electrolyte, and wherein the apparatus is configured to store electrical charge when a potential difference is applied between the capacitive elements.

Abstract: An electrode, the electrode including a conducting layer configured to act, in use, as a charge collector to provide an electrical path for generated and/or stored charge through the conducting layer; a barrier layer, the barrier layer configured to cover a portion of a surface of said conducting layer such that, when the electrode is in contact with an electrolyte, the electrolyte is prevented from substantially contacting and corroding the conducting layer at the covered portion; and an active electrode element configured for use in generation and/or storing charge, the active electrode element positioned in a non-covered portion in electrical contact with the conducting layer to prevent the electrolyte from substantially contacting and corroding the conducting layer in the non-covered portion and to also be exposed to said electrolyte to allow for the generation and/or storage of charge and provide the generated/stored charge to the conducting layer.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a single battery ribbon and vacuum packaging. The single battery ribbon includes a first portion, a second portion, and an interconnecting portion between the first portion and the second portion. The first portion includes a first block. The second portion includes a second block. The first portion, the second portion, and the interconnecting portion form a continuous single layer including an anode and a cathode. The vacuum packaging surrounds the single battery ribbon. The vacuum packaging includes a middle connecting portion configured to contact a first side of the interconnecting portion and a second opposite side of the interconnecting portion.

Abstract: A method including: a) depositing a masking material over a substrate comprising silicon; b) removing the masking material using a first process that removes the masking material in preference to silicon; c) removing silicon using a second process that removes silicon in preference to the masking material; d) continuously repeating the sequence of steps a), b) and c) to control the creation of nanowires; and e) stopping repetition of the sequence of steps a), b) and c).

Abstract: An electrode, the electrode including a conducting layer configured to act, in use, as a charge collector to provide an electrical path for generated and/or stored charge through the conducting layer; a barrier layer, the barrier layer configured to cover a portion of a surface of said conducting layer such that, when the electrode is in contact with an electrolyte, the electrolyte is prevented from substantially contacting and corroding the conducting layer at the covered portion; and an active electrode element configured for use in generation and/or storing charge, the active electrode element positioned in a non-covered portion in electrical contact with the conducting layer to prevent the electrolyte from substantially contacting and corroding the conducting layer in the non-covered portion and to also be exposed to said electrolyte to allow for the generation and/or storage of charge and provide the generated/stored charge to the conducting layer.

Abstract: An apparatus including at least one substrate, the at least one substrate including first and second electrodes and configured to form a sealed chamber with the first and second electrodes contained therein and facing one another, the sealed chamber including electrolyte in the space between the first and second electrodes, wherein the at least one substrate is configured to undergo reversible stretching whilst still forming the sealed chamber containing the electrolyte.

Abstract: An apparatus, the apparatus including first and second circuit boards, and an electrolyte, the first and second circuit boards each including a capacitive element, wherein the apparatus is configured such that a chamber is defined between the first and second circuit boards with the capacitive elements contained therein and facing one another, the chamber including the electrolyte, and wherein the apparatus is configured to store electrical charge when a potential difference is applied between the capacitive elements.

Abstract: An apparatus which includes first and second circuit boards, with respective electrodes thereon, in a bonded configuration, one or more first layers positioned to be proximal to the electrodes, electrolyte proximal to the respective electrodes, and one or more second layers. The second layers are configured to provide for the bonded configuration in which the first and second circuit boards are bonded together, under curing, such that the respective one or more first layers are positioned between the one or more second layers and the electrodes. The bonding defines a chamber between the second layers and the electrodes, with the electrodes therein and facing one another, and the chamber including the electrolyte. The one or more first layers are configured to inhibit the interaction of the electrolyte with the one or more second layers during curing.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: first and second circuit boards with respective electrodes thereon, the first and second circuit boards in a bonded configuration; One or more first layers positioned to be proximal to the one or more of the electrodes; electrolyte proximal to the respective electrodes; one or more second layers configured to provide for the bonded configuration in which the first and second circuit boards are bonded together, under curing, such that the respective one or more first layers are positioned between the one or more second layers and the electrodes, the bonding defining a chamber therebetween with the electrodes therein and facing one another, the chamber comprising the electrolyte; and wherein the one or more first layers are configured to inhibit interaction of the electrolyte with the one or more second layers during curing.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of providing an apparatus, the apparatus including: a loudspeaker configured to convert an electrical input signal into an acoustic output signal; and carbon nanohorn material wherein the carbon nanohorn material is positioned so as to be exposed to the acoustic output signal.

Abstract: A method including: a) depositing a masking material over a substrate comprising silicon; b) removing the masking material using a first process that removes the masking material in preference to silicon; c) removing silicon using a second process that removes silicon in preference to the masking material; d) continuously repeating the sequence of steps a), b) and c) to control the creation of nanowires; and e) stopping repetition of the sequence of steps a), b) and c).

Abstract: An apparatus and method of providing an apparatus, the apparatus including: a loudspeaker configured to convert an electrical input signal into an acoustic output signal; and carbon nanohorn material wherein the carbon nanohorn material is positioned so as to be exposed to the acoustic output signal.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of providing an apparatus, the apparatus including a loudspeaker configured to convert an electrical input signal into an acoustic output signal; and carbon nanohorn material wherein the carbon nanohorn material is positioned so as to be exposed to the acoustic output signal.