Abstract: Methods for pretreating feedstock for gasification are provided. At least a portion of a coal based feedstock stream can be combined with at least a portion of a supercritical carbon dioxide stream within a pretreatment system to provide a treated feedstock stream. At least a portion of the treated feedstock stream can be passed to a gasifier to produce a synthesis gas stream of less than 50% by volume carbon dioxide, at least 5% by volume carbon monoxide and at least 1% by volume hydrogen. At least a portion of the synthesis gas stream can be combusted to form an exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide. At least a portion of the gasification byproduct stream can be purified and compressed to produce supercritical carbon dioxide. At least a portion of the supercritical carbon dioxide can be recycled to the pretreatment system via a supercritical carbon dioxide stream.

Abstract: Systems and methods for staging an investment in hydrocarbon processing are provided. In a first stage, a hydrocarbon feed can be apportioned equally or unequally into first and second portions. The first portion can be mixed with one or more oxidants and gasified to provide a first effluent, at least a portion of which can be combusted to provide steam. The second portion can be mixed with one or more solvents to provide one or more fungible hydrocarbon products, at least a portion of which can be sold to generate capital. In a second stage, the hydrocarbon feed can be mixed with one or more solvents and one or more non-catalytic solids and the resultant mixture thermally cracked to provide one or more hydrocarbon products and coked non-catalytic solids. The coked, non-catalytic solids can be regenerated and recycled.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing and using one or more doped catalysts are provided. One or more coked-catalyst particles can be fluidized in the presence of one or more oxidants to provide a fluidized mixture. The coke from the one or more coked-catalyst particles can be removed to provide regenerated catalyst particles within the fluidized mixture. One or more doping agents can be distributed to the fluidized mixture, and the one or more doping agents can be deposited onto the surface of the regenerated catalyst particles to provide a regenerated, doped catalyst particle.

Abstract: Processes for producing one or more olefins are provided. In one or more embodiments, a doped catalyst can be prepared by fluidizing one or more coked-catalyst particles in the presence of one or more oxidants to provide a fluidized mixture. At least a portion of the coke can be removed from the coked-catalyst particles to provide regenerated catalyst particles. One or more doping agents can be distributed throughout the fluidized mixture, depositing on the surface of the regenerated catalyst particles to provide doped catalyst particles. One or more hydrocarbon feeds can be fluidized with the doped catalyst particles to provide a reaction mixture which can be cracked to provide a first product containing propylene, ethylene, and butane.

Abstract: Systems and methods for staging an investment in hydrocarbon processing are provided. In a first stage, a hydrocarbon feed can be apportioned equally or unequally into first and second portions. The first portion can be mixed with one or more oxidants and gasified to provide a first effluent, at least a portion of which can be combusted to provide steam. The second portion can be mixed with one or more solvents to provide one or more fungible hydrocarbon products, at least a portion of which can be sold to generate capital. In a second stage, the hydrocarbon feed can be mixed with one or more solvents and one or more non-catalytic solids and the resultant mixture thermally cracked to provide one or more hydrocarbon products and coked non-catalytic solids. The coked, non-catalytic solids can be regenerated and recycled.

Abstract: Systems and methods for staging an investment in hydrocarbon processing are provided. In a first stage, a hydrocarbon feed can be apportioned equally or unequally into first and second portions. The first portion can be mixed with one or more oxidants and gasified to provide a first effluent, at least a portion of which can be combusted to provide steam. The second portion can be mixed with one or more solvents to provide one or more fungible hydrocarbon products, at least a portion of which can be sold to generate capital. In a second stage, the hydrocarbon feed can be mixed with one or more solvents and one or more non-catalytic solids and the resultant mixture thermally cracked to provide one or more hydrocarbon products and coked non-catalytic solids. The coked, non-catalytic solids can be regenerated and recycled.

Abstract: Systems and methods for producing and using one or more doped catalysts are provided. One or more coked-catalyst particles can be fluidized in the presence of one or more oxidants to provide a fluidized mixture. The coke from the one or more coked-catalyst particles can be removed to provide regenerated catalyst particles within the fluidized mixture. One or more doping agents can be distributed to the fluidized mixture, and the one or more doping agents can be deposited onto the surface of the regenerated catalyst particles to provide a regenerated, doped catalyst particle.

Abstract: Processes for producing one or more olefins are provided. In one or more embodiments, a doped catalyst can be prepared by fluidizing one or more coked-catalyst particles in the presence of one or more oxidants to provide a fluidized mixture. At least a portion of the coke can be removed from the coked-catalyst particles to provide regenerated catalyst particles. One or more doping agents can be distributed throughout the fluidized mixture, depositing on the surface of the regenerated catalyst particles to provide doped catalyst particles. One or more hydrocarbon feeds can be fluidized with the doped catalyst particles to provide a reaction mixture which can be cracked to provide a first product containing propylene, ethylene, and butane.

Abstract: Methods for pretreating feedstock for gasification are provided. At least a portion of a coal based feedstock stream can be combined with at least a portion of a supercritical carbon dioxide stream within a pretreatment system to provide a treated feedstock stream. At least a portion of the treated feedstock stream can be passed to a gasifier to produce a synthesis gas stream of less than 50% by volume carbon dioxide, at least 5% by volume carbon monoxide and at least 1% by volume hydrogen. At least a portion of the synthesis gas stream can be combusted to form an exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide. At least a portion of the gasification byproduct stream can be purified and compressed to produce supercritical carbon dioxide. At least a portion of the supercritical carbon dioxide can be recycled to the pretreatment system via a supercritical carbon dioxide stream.

Abstract: Systems and methods for staging an investment in hydrocarbon processing are provided. In a first stage, a hydrocarbon feed can be apportioned equally or unequally into first and second portions. The first portion can be mixed with one or more oxidants and gasified to provide a first effluent, at least a portion of which can be combusted to provide steam. The second portion can be mixed with one or more solvents to provide one or more fungible hydrocarbon products, at least a portion of which can be sold to generate capital. In a second stage, the hydrocarbon feed can be mixed with one or more solvents and one or more non-catalytic solids and the resultant mixture thermally cracked to provide one or more hydrocarbon products and coked non-catalytic solids. The coked, non-catalytic solids can be regenerated and recycled.

Abstract: Supercritical conversion of hydrocarbons boiling above 538° C. (1000° F.) with a solvating hydrocarbon at a weight ratio of solvating hydrocarbon to high-boiling hydrocarbons of at least 2:1 and at conditions above the critical temperature and pressure of the high-boiling hydrocarbons-solvent mixture, in the presence of hot fluidized solids. The hydrocarbons are supplied to a reaction zone at a temperature below that of the hot solids supplied thereto, whereby the resulting hydrocarbons-solids suspension has a thermal equilibrium temperature corresponding to the reaction temperature. The conversion has high rates of sulfur, nitrogen and metals removal, nearly complete conversion to lower molecular weight products, high naphtha and distillate selectivity, and low coke formation.

Abstract: Supercritical conversion of hydrocarbons boiling above 538° C. (1000° F.) with a solvating hydrocarbon at a weight ratio of solvating hydrocarbon to high-boiling hydrocarbons of at least 2:1 and at conditions above the critical temperature and pressure of the high-boiling hydrocarbons-solvent mixture, in the presence of hot fluidized solids. The hydrocarbons are supplied to a reaction zone at a temperature below that of the hot solids supplied thereto, whereby the resulting hydrocarbons-solids suspension has a thermal equilibrium temperature corresponding to the reaction temperature. The conversion has high rates of sulfur, nitrogen and metals removal, nearly complete conversion to lower molecular weight products, high naphtha and distillate selectivity, and low coke formation.

Abstract: Supercritical conversion of hydrocarbons boiling above 538° C. (1000° F.) with a solvating hydrocarbon at a weight ratio of solvating hydrocarbon to high-boiling hydrocarbons of at least 2:1 and at conditions above the critical temperature and pressure of the high-boiling hydrocarbons-solvent mixture, in the presence of hot fluidized solids. The hydrocarbons are supplied to a reaction zone at a temperature below that of the hot solids supplied thereto, whereby the resulting hydrocarbons-solids suspension has a thermal equilibrium temperature corresponding to the reaction temperature. The conversion has high rates of sulfur, nitrogen and metals removal, nearly complete conversion to lower molecular weight products, high naphtha and distillate selectivity, and low coke formation.

Abstract: A process is for removal of suspended solids including resin and fatty acids from pulp mill effluents including Chemi-Thermo-Mechanical Pulp (CTMP) mill effluents. The process involves filtration of untreated or primary treated effluents through a mat of primary sludge, pulp or woodroom sludge. A sludge mat is formed on a wire screen or punched drum and the effluent to be treated is filtered through the mat. Most of the suspended solids and a part of colloidal material and dissolved solids are retained by the mat. Following the filtration stage, the sludge is dewatered and removed. A portion of the sludge is recycled to form the mat for the next filtration cycle, while the excess sludge is purged. The filtration is achieved by the application of vacuum below the filter mat or pressure over mat.