Abstract: A process is provided for treating a stream comprising light olefins and carbon monoxide by passing the stream through a bed containing a copper containing material. The carbon monoxide needs to be removed in order to prevent poisoning of catalysts in downstream oligomerization reactors. This carbon containing material converts the carbon monoxide and hydrogen to carbon dioxide and water. The olefin stream is then dried and sent to an oligomerization step. There may be three beds so that the beds may alternate regeneration, reaction with CO and H2 and scavenging O2 steps.

Abstract: Processes for hydrogenating toluene to methylcyclohexane (MCH) and dehydrogenating MCH to toluene with minimal to no by-products, thereby ensuring minimal loss of hydrogen are described. MCH acts as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier, and it can be transferred in storage vessels and/or pipelines for several thousands of miles to the final destination with very minimal to no degradation.

Abstract: This disclosure provides an apparatus and method for harnessing machine learning and data analytics for a real-time predictive model for a FCC pre-treatment unit. The method includes collecting operating parameters of a pre-treatment unit and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit; evaluating an independent variable of the operating parameters; and adjusting an input to the pre-treatment unit to control the independent variable within specifications in an output of the FCC unit.

Abstract: A process for increasing conversion and selectivity to normal paraffins is achieved by reducing the hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio for paraffin feeds with substantial butanes. A separator may be used to remove excess hydrogen from a first isomerate before a second isomerization step that may isomerize additional butanes perhaps generated in the first isomerization step.

Abstract: Saturation of a pyrolysis stream is achieved while managing exotherms. The pyrolysis stream is split into at least two feed streams for at least two saturation reactors. The process may split the hydrogen stream into at least two streams for the at least two saturation reactors. A recycle stream may also be provided to manage the exotherm. The feed may comprise at least 5 wt % aromatics.

Abstract: Apparatuses and processes for producing a para-xylene stream in an aromatics complex which include a toluene methylation unit and an adsorptive separation unit. A hydrogenation zone and an oxygenate removal zone are utilized to remove oxygenates from the effluent of the toluene methylation unit. The hydrogenation zone may be a liquid phase hydrogenation zone.

Abstract: An integrated process for maximizing recovery of aromatics is provided. The process comprises passing at least a portion of a xylene column bottoms stream to a heavy aromatics column to provide a heavy aromatics column bottoms stream comprising C9+ aromatics and a heavy aromatics column overhead stream. The heavy aromatics column bottoms stream is passed to a second stage hydrocracking reactor of a two-stage hydrocracking reactor. In the second stage hydrocracking reactor, the heavy aromatics column bottoms stream is hydrocracked in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst and hydrogen to provide a hydrocracked effluent stream.

Abstract: An integrated process for maximizing recovery of aromatics is provided. The process comprises passing at least a portion of a xylene column bottoms stream to a heavy aromatics column to provide a heavy aromatics column bottoms stream comprising C9+ aromatics and a heavy aromatics column overhead stream. The heavy aromatics column bottoms stream is passed to a second stage hydrocracking reactor of a two-stage hydrocracking reactor. In the second stage hydrocracking reactor, the heavy aromatics column bottoms stream is hydrocracked in the presence of a hydrocracking catalyst and hydrogen to provide a hydrocracked effluent stream.

Abstract: An integrated process for maximizing recovery of hydrogen is provided. The process comprises: providing a hydrocarbonaceous feed comprising naphtha, and a hydrogen stream to a reforming zone, wherein the hydrogen stream is obtained from at least one of a hydrocracking zone, a transalkylation zone, and an isomerization zone. The hydrocarbonaceous feed is reformed in the reforming zone in the presence of the hydrogen stream and a reforming catalyst to provide a reformate effluent stream. At least a portion of the reformate effluent stream is passed to a debutanizer column of the reforming zone to provide a net hydrogen stream and a fraction comprising liquid petroleum gas (LPG). At least a portion of the net hydrogen stream is recycled to the reforming zone as the hydrogen stream.

Abstract: An integrated process for maximizing recovery of LPG is provided. The process comprises providing a hydrocarbonaceous feed comprising naphtha, and a hydrogen stream to a reforming zone. The hydrocarbonaceous feed is reformed in the reforming zone in the presence of the hydrogen stream and a reforming catalyst to provide a reformate effluent stream. At least a portion of the reformate effluent stream and at least one stream comprising C6? hydrocarbons from one or more of a hydrocracking zone, an isomerization zone, and a transalkylation zone is passed to a debutanizer column of the reforming zone to provide a fraction comprising liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and a debutanizer column bottoms stream.

Abstract: Processes for the production of a gasoline blend. A C7 portion of a naphtha stream is first isomerized to increase the branched, iso-paraffins, and then, the isomerized effluent is passed to a dehydrogenation reaction zone. In the dehydrogenation zone, the C7 saturated hydrocarbons are convert to C7 olefins. The C7 olefins have a higher octane number than the C7 saturated hydrocarbons, and the branched olefins have a higher octane number than the normal olefins. The C7 olefins can be blended in a gasoline pool. C5 and C6 hydrocarbons can be isomerized and dehydrogenated as well, separately or with the C7 components.

Abstract: An integrated process for maximizing recovery of LPG is provided. The process comprises providing a hydrocarbonaceous feed comprising naphtha, and a hydrogen stream to a reforming zone. The hydrocarbonaceous feed is reformed in the reforming zone in the presence of the hydrogen stream and a reforming catalyst to provide a reformate effluent stream. At least a portion of the reformate effluent stream and at least one stream comprising C6? hydrocarbons from one or more of a hydrocracking zone, an isomerization zone, and a transalkylation zone is passed to a debutanizer column of the reforming zone to provide a fraction comprising liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and a debutanizer column bottoms stream.

Abstract: An integrated process for maximizing recovery of hydrogen is provided. The process comprises: providing a hydrocarbonaceous feed comprising naphtha, and a hydrogen stream to a reforming zone, wherein the hydrogen stream is obtained from at least one of a hydrocracking zone, a transalkylation zone, and an isomerization zone. The hydrocarbonaceous feed is reformed in the reforming zone in the presence of the hydrogen stream and a reforming catalyst to provide a reformate effluent stream. At least a portion of the reformate effluent stream is passed to a debutanizer column of the reforming zone to provide a net hydrogen stream and a fraction comprising liquid petroleum gas (LPG). At least a portion of the net hydrogen stream is recycled to the reforming zone as the hydrogen stream.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for reducing the sulfur content of naphtha. The process includes introducing at least a portion of a naphtha feed stream to a selective hydrodesulfurization zone under selective hydrodesulfurization conditions in the presence of a selective hydrodesulfurization catalyst to form a low sulfur stream which contains mercaptan and thiophene compounds. At least a portion of the low sulfur stream is separated into at least two streams, a mercaptan rich stream containing mercaptan and thiophene compounds and an overhead stream containing hydrogen sulfide and liquid petroleum gas. The mercaptan rich stream is treated in an adsorbent zone to remove at least a portion of the mercaptan and thiophene compounds to form a mercaptan lean stream.

Abstract: This disclosure provides an apparatus and method for harnessing machine learning and data analytics for a real-time predictive model for a FCC pre-treatment unit. The method includes collecting operating parameters of a pre-treatment unit and fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit; evaluating an independent variable of the operating parameters; and adjusting an input to the pre-treatment unit to control the independent variable within specifications in an output of the FCC unit.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for reducing the sulfur content of naphtha. The process includes introducing at least a portion of a naphtha feed stream to a selective hydrodesulfurization zone under selective hydrodesulfurization conditions in the presence of a selective hydrodesulfurization catalyst to form a low sulfur stream which contains mercaptan and thiophene compounds. At least a portion of the low sulfur stream is separated into at least two streams, a mercaptan rich stream containing mercaptan and thiophene compounds and an overhead stream containing hydrogen sulfide and liquid petroleum gas. The mercaptan rich stream is treated in an adsorbent zone to remove at least a portion of the mercaptan and thiophene compounds to form a mercaptan lean stream.

Abstract: A process for hydrotreating coker kerosene is described. Instead of a post treat reactor, a smaller trim reactor zone which operates at a lower pressure than the post treat reactor is used downstream of the product stripper. The trim reactor uses a noble metal catalyst to reduce the BI of the stripped product to less than about 150, and desirably in the range of about 50 to about 100.

Abstract: A process for producing alkylaromatic compounds is described. The process involves utilizing at least a portion of the aromatic compound used to regenerate the alkylation catalyst in a spent alkylation reaction zone as a reactant in the active alkylation reaction zone. The process further includes utilizing a portion of the process stream leaving the alkylation zone as a recycle stream to the alkylation zone.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for selective hydrogenation of olefins are provided. The method for selective hydrogenation of olefins comprises reacting a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock comprising olefins and aromatic compounds with hydrogen in a reaction zone. The reaction contains a catalyst producing a reaction zone product stream comprising aromatic compounds. The reaction zone product stream is passed to a flash vessel, recovering a first product stream and a second product stream from the flash vessel. The first product stream is passed to a liquid jet eductor, whereas the second product stream comprising aromatic compounds having a reduced concentration of olefins is subsequently recovered.

Abstract: A process for producing alkylaromatic compounds is described. The process involves utilizing at least a portion of the aromatic compound used to regenerate the alkylation catalyst in a spent alkylation reaction zone as a reactant in the active alkylation reaction zone.