Abstract: A method for diagnosing reductant delivery performance of a reductant delivery system is provided. The method provides an outlet pressure sensor at a reductant outlet of the reductant delivery system and a virtual pressure sensor in an exhaust stream where reductant is injected into the stream. The method comprises calculating a downstream reductant flow rate using the outlet pressure sensor and the virtual pressure sensor; and calculating an upstream reductant flow rate within the reductant delivery system using at least one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a control valve. The calculated downstream and upstream reductant flow rates are compared, and diagnostics is conducted based the comparison to find the malfunctions in the reductant delivery system. An intrusive self-consistent diagnostics method allows for detection of malfunctions in the outlet pressure sensor and the virtual pressure sensor can be determined.

Abstract: A method for diagnosing reductant delivery performance of a reductant delivery system is provided. The method provides an outlet pressure sensor at a reductant outlet of the reductant delivery system and a virtual pressure sensor in an exhaust stream where reductant is injected into the stream. The method comprises calculating a downstream reductant flow rate using the outlet pressure sensor and the virtual pressure sensor; and calculating an upstream reductant flow rate within the reductant delivery system using at least one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a control valve. The calculated downstream and upstream reductant flow rates are compared, and diagnostics is conducted based the comparison to find the malfunctions in the reductant delivery system.

Abstract: Ligands, compositions, and metal-ligand complexes that incorporate phenol-heterocyclic compounds are disclosed that are useful in the catalysis of transformations such as the polymerization of monomers into polymers. The catalysts have high performance characteristics, including high comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example, 1-octene, propylene or styrene. The catalysts particularly polymerize styrene to form polystyrene.

Abstract: Ligands, compositions, and metal-ligand complexes that incorporate phenol-heterocyclic compounds are disclosed that are useful in the catalysis of transformations such as the polymerization of monomers into polymers. The catalysts have high performance characteristics, including high comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example, 1-octene, propylene or styrene. The catalysts particularly polymerize styrene to form polystyrene.

Abstract: Ligands, compositions, and metal-ligand complexes that incorporate heterocycle-amine compounds are disclosed that are useful in the catalysis of transformations such as the polymerization of monomers into polymers. The catalyst have high performance characteristics, including higher comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example, 1-octene, propylene or styrene. The catalysts also polymerize propylene to form isotactic polypropylene.

Abstract: Ligands, compositions, and metal-ligand complexes that incorporate heterocycle-amine compounds are disclosed that are useful in the catalysis of transformations such as the polymerization of monomers into polymers. The catalyst have high performance characteristics, including higher comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example, 1-octene, propylene or styrene. The catalysts also polymerize propylene to form isotactic polypropylene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing oligomers of olefins, comprising reacting olefins with a catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst can be the product of the combination of a chromium compound and a pyridyl amine or a heteroaryl-amine compound. In particular embodiments, the catalyst compound can be used to trimerize or tetramerize ethylene to 1-hexene, 1-octene, or mixtures of 1-hexene and 1-octene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing oligomers of olefins, comprising reacting olefins with a catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst can be the product of the combination of a chromium compound and a heteroaryl-amine compound. In particular embodiments, the catalyst compound can be used to trimerize or tetramerize ethylene to 1-hexene, 1-octene, or mixtures of 1-hexene and 1-octene.

Abstract: Select phenol-heterocycle ligands, metal-ligand compositions or complexes formed therefrom, and their use as catalysts in polymerization reactions and other transformations are disclosed herein. The catalysts have high performance characteristics, including the ability to catalyze reactions at high temperatures. The catalysts are particularly well-suited for the polymerization of olefins, including the polymerization of styrene to form polystyrene.

Abstract: Ligands, compositions, and metal-ligand complexes that incorporate heterocycle-amine compounds are disclosed that are useful in the catalysis of transformations such as the polymerization of monomers into polymers. The catalyst have high performance characteristics, including higher comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example, 1-octene, propylene or styrene. The catalysts also polymerize propylene to form isotactic polypropylene.

Abstract: Ligands, compositions, and metal-ligand complexes that incorporate heterocycle-amine compounds are disclosed that are useful in the catalysis of transformations suchas the polymerization of monomers into polymers. The catalyst have high performance characteristics, including higher comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example, 1-octene, propylene or styrene. The catalysts also polymerize propylene to form isotactic polypropylene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing oligomers of olefins, comprising reacting olefins with a catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst can be the product of the combination of a chromium compound and a pyridyl amine or a heteroaryl-amine compound. In particular embodiments, the catalyst compound can be used to trimerize or tetramerize ethylene to 1-hexene, 1-octene, or mixtures of 1-hexene and 1-octene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing oligomers of olefins, comprising reacting olefins with a catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst can be the product of the combination of a chromium compound and a heteroaryl-amine compound. In particular embodiments, the catalyst compound can be used to trimerize or tetramerize ethylene to 1-hexene, 1-octene, or mixtures of 1-hexene and 1-octene.

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting misfire events in a multicylinder engine are disclosed. One method includes associating a neural network with a cylinder of a multicylinder engine. The method also includes inputting to the neural network a plurality of crankshaft parameters. The method further includes determining the existence of an engine misfire in the cylinder based on the output of the neural network.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing oligomers of olefins, comprising reacting olefins with a catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst can be the product of the combination of a chromium compound and a pyridyl amine or a heteroaryl-amine compound. In particular embodiments, the catalyst compound can be used to trimerize or tetramerize ethylene to 1-hexene, 1-octene, or mixtures of 1-hexene and 1-octene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing oligomers of olefins, comprising reacting olefins with a catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst can be the product of the combination of a chromium compound and a heteroaryl-amine compound. In particular embodiments, the catalyst compound can be used to trimerize or tetramerize ethylene to 1-hexene, 1-octene, or mixtures of 1-hexene and 1-octene.

Abstract: Ligands, compositions, and metal-ligand complexes that incorporate heterocycle-amine compounds are disclosed that are useful in the catalysis of transformations such as the polymerization of monomers into polymers. The catalysts have high performance characteristics, including higher comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example, 1-octene, propylene or styrene. The catalysts also polymerize propylene to form isotactic polypropylene.

Abstract: Ligands, compositions, and metal-ligand complexes that incorporate heterocycle-amine compounds are disclosed that are useful in the catalysis of transformations such as the polymerization of monomers into polymers. The catalysts have high performance characteristics, including higher comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example, 1-octene, propylene or styrene. The catalysts also polymerize propylene to form isotactic polypropylene.

Abstract: Ligands, compositions, metal-ligand complexes and arrays with substituted bridged bis-biaromatic ligands, and methods of making and using the same, are disclosed that are useful in the catalysis of transformations such as the polymerization of monomers into polymers. The catalysts have high performance characteristics, including higher comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example, 1-octene, propylene or styrene. The catalysts also polymerize propylene into isotactic polypropylene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing oligomers of olefins, comprising reacting olefins with a catalyst under oligomerization conditions. The catalyst can be the product of the combination of a chromium compound and a heteroaryl-amine compound. In particular embodiments, the catalyst compound can be used to trimerize or tetramerize ethylene to 1-hexene, 1-octene, or mixtures of 1-hexene and 1-octene.