Abstract: An aspect of the disclosure relates to a dialysate regenerator, including: a purification means; at least one reversible retainer including an ion reservoir; a dialysate flow path including a dialysate inlet for receiving a dialysate, a dialysate outlet for dispensing the dialysate, the purification means and the at least one reversible retainer: a pump connected to the dialysate flow path and configured to generate a flow of the dialysate from the dialysate inlet via the reversible retainer and the purification means to the dialysate outlet, wherein a direction of the dialysate flow path through the reversible retainer is reversible.

Abstract: An aspect of the disclosure relates to a dialysate regenerator for connecting to a dialysis apparatus, the dialysate regenerator including a regenerator inlet for receiving dialysate; a regenerator outlet for dispensing regenerated dialysate; a hydraulic circuit connected between the regenerator inlet and the regenerator outlet, and further including a fluid portioning system to divide a dialysate flow into uniform portions for sequential regeneration An aspect of the disclosure relates to a dialysis system including a dialysis apparatus including: a fresh dialysate input; a spent dialysate output; and the dialysate regenerator, wherein the regenerator inlet may be coupled to the spent dialysate output for receiving spent dialysate, and wherein the regenerator outlet may be coupled to the fresh dialysate input for dispensing regenerated dialysate.