Abstract: A system control apparatus includes a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller configured to control a behavior of a system and having a gain, and a gain determiner configured to apply, to a set adaptive load model, a variable associated with an error that varies based on a load change of the system and adaptively vary the gain using the adaptive load model to which the variable associated with the error is applied.

Abstract: Provided is a collimator including a base unit configured to form a radiation path of light; a pair of first moving members rotatably installed in the base unit; a pair of second moving members movably installed in the base unit; and an actuator configured to externally receive power and transmit the power to the first moving members and the second moving members, wherein a first space may be formed between the first moving members, a second space may be formed between the second moving members, and the light may pass through a radiation area corresponding to an overlapping area of the first space and the second space.

Abstract: A system control apparatus includes a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller configured to control a behavior of a system and having a gain, and a gain determiner configured to apply, to a set adaptive load model, a variable associated with an error that varies based on a load change of the system and adaptively vary the gain using the adaptive load model to which the variable associated with the error is applied.

Abstract: Provided is a collimator including a base unit configured to form a radiation path of light; a pair of first moving members rotatably installed in the base unit; a pair of second moving members movably installed in the base unit; and an actuator configured to externally receive power and transmit the power to the first moving members and the second moving members, wherein a first space may be formed between the first moving members, a second space may be formed between the second moving members, and the light may pass through a radiation area corresponding to an overlapping area of the first space and the second space.

Abstract: A variable PID gain design device, including: a parameter setting unit for setting a natural frequency, a damping ratio, a sampling time, and a nonlinear damping, which enable establishment of an error dynamics required for controlling an object to be controlled; a PID gain induction unit for inducing a PID gain, using the correlation between a PID control and a backstepping control with time delay estimation and nonlinear damping (BCTND), the PID control controlling, using the set parameters, the object to be controlled; and a PID gain calculating unit for calculating a gain of a PID controller by adjusting a BCTND control gain on the basis of the induced PID gain.

Abstract: A medical robot includes a bed on which an object is to be disposed, and a robot arm unit disposed above or below the bed, and including an emitting member movable within a trajectory on a sphere having a center at which a target point is disposed, wherein the bed and the robot arm unit may move relatively in a vertical or horizontal direction, and the object may be repositioned to the target point by relatively moving the bed and the robot arm unit in the vertical or horizontal direction, and the emitting member may move to face the target point.

Abstract: A robot includes a link portion including a plurality of link members and a drive portion to rotate the link members, and axes of rotation of the drive portion extending from end portions of the link members is positioned at an identical point.

Abstract: A robot includes a central member, and a plurality of robot arms, each having one end connected to the central member to rotate on a longitudinal axis of the central member, and the robot arms are connected to different portions of the central member to rotate independently and incoherently with respect to each other.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) emitting apparatus includes a table on which an object is to be disposed, a robot arm to perform a task on the object, an emitting member provided at an end portion of the robot arm, and a controller to control an operation of the robot arm or a position of the emitting member, wherein the table and the robot arm may move relatively in a vertical or horizontal direction, the emitting member may move along a trajectory of rotation of the robot arm, and the trajectory of rotation may be provided in a form of a concentric sphere having a center at which a target point is disposed.

Abstract: A variable PID gain design device, including: a parameter setting unit for setting a natural frequency, a damping ratio, a sampling time, and a nonlinear damping, which enable establishment of an error dynamics required for controlling an object to be controlled; a PID gain induction unit for inducing a PID gain, using the correlation between a PID control and a backstepping control with time delay estimation and nonlinear damping (BCTND), the PID control controlling, using the set parameters, the object to be controlled; and a PID gain calculating unit for calculating a gain of a PID controller by adjusting a BCTND control gain on the basis of the induced PID gain.

Abstract: A medical robot includes a bed on which an object is to be disposed, and a robot arm unit disposed above or below the bed, and including an emitting member movable within a trajectory on a sphere having a center at which a target point is disposed, wherein the bed and the robot arm unit may move relatively in a vertical or horizontal direction, and the object may be repositioned to the target point by relatively moving the bed and the robot arm unit in the vertical or horizontal direction, and the emitting member may move to face the target point.

Abstract: A robot includes a link portion including a plurality of link members and a drive portion to rotate the link members, and axes of rotation of the drive portion extending from end portions of the link members is positioned at an identical point.

Abstract: A robot includes a central member, and a plurality of robot arms, each having one end connected to the central member to rotate on a longitudinal axis of the central member, and the robot arms are connected to different portions of the central member to rotate independently and incoherently with respect to each other.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) emitting apparatus includes a table on which an object is to be disposed, a robot arm to perform a task on the object, an emitting member provided at an end portion of the robot arm, and a controller to control an operation of the robot arm or a position of the emitting member, wherein the table and the robot arm may move relatively in a vertical or horizontal direction, the emitting member may move along a trajectory of rotation of the robot arm, and the trajectory of rotation may be provided in a form of a concentric sphere having a center at which a target point is disposed.

Abstract: A cable driven wrist mechanism for a robot arm which executes a rolling motion and a pitching motion. The wrist mechanism includes a first drive body and a second drive body which are independently driven. The wrist mechanism includes first and second rotary bodies which are connected to the first and second rotary bodies. The wrist mechanism further includes a third drive body perpendicular to the first and second drive bodies. At least two cables are connected between the drive bodies and the rotary bodies in a criss-cross manner to transmit forces of the first and second rotary bodies to the third rotary body.

Abstract: A cable-driven wrist mechanism for a robot arm which executes a rolling motion and a pitching motion, the wrist mechanism comprising: first and second motors provided in the robot arm; a first drive body rotated by the first motor; a second drive body placed above the first drive body, the second drive body being rotated by the second motor about a same rotating axis as that of the first drive body and independently with respect to the first drive body; a first rotary body rotated about a rotating shaft which is perpendicular to the rotating axis of the first drive body and located in a same plane as the rotating axis of the first drive body; a second rotary body having a rotating shaft same as the first rotary body, the second rotary body being symmetric to the first rotary body with respect to the rotating axis of the first drive body; a third rotary body connected to a sub-shaft which perpendicularly branches from the rotating shaft of the first and second rotary bodies, the third rotary body being symmetr

Abstract: A method for tuning a PID controller includes the steps of inducing equivalent relationships between PID gains of the PID controller and parameters of time delay control (TDC), selecting a natural frequency vector and a damping ratio vector so as to acquire a desired error dynamics of the closed PID control loop system, selecting a sampling time of the closed PID control loop system, determining the parameters of TDC on the basis of the natural frequency vector, the damping ratio vector and a closed loop stability condition for TDC, and selecting PID gains of the PID controller on the basis of the equivalent relationships.

Abstract: A method for tuning a PID controller includes the steps of inducing equivalent relationships between PID gains of the PID controller and parameters of time delay control (TDC), selecting a natural frequency vector and a damping ratio vector so as to acquire a desired error dynamics of the closed PID control loop system, selecting a sampling time of the closed PID control loop system, determining the parameters of TDC on the basis of the natural frequency vector, the damping ratio vector and a closed loop stability condition for TDC, and selecting PID gains of the PID controller on the basis of the equivalent relationships.

Abstract: A backlash-free speed reducing device includes a drive unit, a rotary unit, and a power output unit. The drive unit consists of a drive motor having a drive shaft. A first power transmission cable is wound around the drive shaft. The rotary unit has two first cylinders, with the first transmission cable fixed to the external surface of the first cylinders at opposite ends thereof and wound around or unwound from the first cylinders in response to a rotation of the drive shaft. Each of the first cylinders is concentrically fitted over a rotating shaft such that the first cylinders are linearly movable along the rotating shafts in opposite directions. A second power transmission cable is fixed to the external surfaces of the rotating shafts of the two first cylinders at opposite ends thereof. The power output unit has a second cylinder, with the second transmission cable wound around the second cylinder.