Abstract: A buck converter includes an input unit, an inductor, and a filter capacitor. The input unit has an input node connected to a power source and an intermediate node connected to an output node through the inductor. The filter capacitor is coupled between the output node and ground. A first RC integral circuit is in parallel connection with the first inductor, a voltage acquired unit is in parallel connection with the capacitor of the RC integral circuit for obtaining a voltage U1 between the two terminals of the second capacitor. A control unit is coupled to the first voltage acquired unit for receiving the voltage U1 of the capacitor.

Abstract: A motherboard detection device for a motherboard having a plurality of power input terminals. The power detection device includes a current sampling module, a voltage sampling module, a processor, and a display unit. The current sampling module is connected to the power input terminals for obtaining the current of each power input terminal. The voltage sampling module is connected to the power input terminals for obtaining the voltage of each power input terminal. The processor is connected to the current sampling module and the voltage sampling module for acquiring the current and the voltage of each power input terminal and calculating the input power of each power input terminal based on the current and the voltage of each power input terminal to obtain input power data. The display unit is connected to the processor for receiving the input power data from the processor and displaying the input power data.

Abstract: An output voltage adjustment circuit for buck circuits includes a microcontroller, first to eighth keys, and a display unit. The first to eighth keys input voltage adjustment signals to the microcontroller. A first input pin of the microcontroller is connected to a voltage output terminal. A second resistor is connected between the first input pin of the microcontroller and ground. A first to a sixth input/output pin of the microcontroller are connected to the display unit. A first to an eighth output pin of the microcontroller are connected to a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller. The first to eighth keys are selectively activated to provide voltage adjustment signals to the microcontroller, sampling output voltages of the voltage output terminal, comparing with a predetermined voltage, controlling the PWM controller to fine tune the duty cycle to output a stable voltage from the voltage output terminal. The display unit displays the voltages on the voltage output terminal.

Abstract: A measurement circuit for overload protection is applied in a buck circuit. The buck circuit includes a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller and a voltage output terminal. The measurement circuit includes a resistance setting circuit to connect different resistances to the PWM controller of the buck circuit. A switch circuit turns the measurement circuit on or off. A current collection circuit receives a voltage from the voltage output terminal of the buck circuit and transforms the received voltage to a current, and amplifies the transformed current and outputs the amplified current to the resistance setting circuit. The resistance setting circuit chooses a resistance through comparison of the amplified current with a preset current. A display unit displays the chosen resistance.

Abstract: A buck converter includes a first electrical switch and a second electrical switch connected in series, a PWM module coupled to the gate of the first electrical switch through a first adjustable resistance module and coupled to the gate of the second electrical switch through a second adjustable resistance module, a filter circuit coupled between the connecting node of the two different electrical switches and an output node, and a control module for adjusting values of the first adjustable resistance module and the second adjustable resistance module and acquiring a voltage value from the connecting node.

Abstract: A snubber circuit for decreasing a voltage spike of a buck converter includes a resistor unit, a capacitor unit, a detecting unit, and a control unit. The resistor unit provides multiple groups of resistance values. The capacitor unit provides multiple groups of capacitance values. The detecting unit detects voltage spikes of the buck converter corresponding to each group of resistance values and capacitance values. The control unit selects each group of resistance and capacitance to respectively connect to the buck converter and determines a group of resistance and capacitance corresponding to a lowest voltage spike by comparing the detected voltage spikes with each other.

Abstract: A voltage regulation device employed in a voltage regulation system is for a motherboard power supply. The voltage regulation device includes a first sampling module, a voltage regulation module, a second sampling module, and a main controller. The first sampling module samples current and voltage signals from a power source through the motherboard power supply. The voltage regulation module outputs adjustable drive voltages for the motherboard power supply controlled by the main controller. The second sampling module samples current and voltage signals of the drive voltages from the motherboard power supply. The main controller receives the current and voltage signals, and converts the current and voltage signals from the first sampling module and the second sampling module to corresponding input power and output power, respectively, and the input power and the output power are calculated to generate conversion efficiencies of each drive voltage.

Abstract: A housing, comprising: a substrate; a micro-arc oxide film formed on the substrate; and a plurality of grooves formed on the oxide film; wherein all or part of the oxide film is polished to present a glossy appearance, the grooves are formed on the polished region of the oxide film. A method for making housing, comprising: providing a substrate; micro-arc oxidizing the substrate to form a micro-arc oxide film on the substrate; polishing at least part of the micro-arc oxide film; and etching the polished surface of the micro-arc oxide film to form grooves in the polished surface.

Abstract: A method for making housing, comprising: providing a substrate; etching the substrate to form a plurality of grooves on a surface of the substrate; micro-arc oxidizing the substrate to form a micro-arc oxide film in the grooves and on the surface of the substrate; and polishing the micro-arc oxide film formed on the surface of the substrate. A housing, comprising: a substrate, the substrate having a plurality of grooves defined therein; and a micro-arc oxide film formed on the surface of the substrate and in the grooves; wherein the oxide film formed on the surface of the substrate is polished to present a glossy appearance.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy article includes an aluminum alloy substrate and a micro-arc oxide film formed on the aluminum alloy substrate. The micro-arc oxide film includes a transition layer gradually infiltrating into the aluminum alloy substrate, a middle dense layer formed on the transition layer, and an outer dense layer formed on the middle dense layer, the outer dense layer having a density larger than that of the middle dense layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel dihydronaphthalene compounds, compositions, methods for using the same, and processes for preparing the same. The present invention also relates to novel total synthesis approaches for preparing these compounds. In addition, the present invention relates to methods of producing quantities of isomers of these compounds and separating and purifying them using chiral separation techniques. The present invention also relates to methods of producing quantities of a single isometric compound without the need for chiral separation techniques.

Abstract: A method is described for dynamic stitching of a new module of executable code in a parallel processing environment, where access to a data object is shared by the new module and another module previously loaded. A new data object is created for shared access by the new module and by the other module; a data freshness indicator is updated in accordance therewith. A pointer value for the data pointer associated with the other module is modified, thereby terminating reference to an old data object previously accessed and substituting reference to the new data object. A second data freshness indicator is updated in accordance with access by the other module to the new data object. The old data object is deleted when a comparison between freshness indicators shows that access to the old data object is no longer required.

Abstract: A method is described for dynamic stitching of a new module of executable code in a parallel processing environment, where access to a data object is shared by the new module and another module previously loaded. A new data object is created for shared access by the new module and by the other module; a data freshness indicator is updated in accordance therewith. A pointer value for the data pointer associated with the other module is modified, thereby terminating reference to an old data object previously accessed and substituting reference to the new data object. A second data freshness indicator is updated in accordance with access by the other module to the new data object. The old data object is deleted when a comparison between freshness indicators shows that access to the old data object is no longer required.

Abstract: A method is described for dynamic stitching of a new module of executable code in a parallel processing environment, where access to a data object is shared by the new module and another module previously loaded. A new data object is created for shared access by the new module and by the other module; a data freshness indicator is updated in accordance therewith. A pointer value for the data pointer associated with the other module is modified, thereby terminating reference to an old data object previously accessed and substituting reference to the new data object. A second data freshness indicator is updated in accordance with access by the other module to the new data object. The old data object is deleted when a comparison between freshness indicators shows that access to the old data object is no longer required.