Abstract: Example electron gun, vacuum device, and system are provided. An example electron gun includes a cathode, a focus electrode, and an energy exchange module. The energy exchange module includes an anode port, a signal input port, and an energy exchange unit. An input signal is input from the signal input port of the energy exchange module into the energy exchange unit of the energy exchange module, and energy exchange with the input signal is performed by transmitting an electron beam from the anode port of the energy exchange module to the energy exchange unit of the energy exchange module. The electron beam is generated by the cathode, the focus electrode, and the anode port.

Abstract: A travelling-wave tube includes an input apparatus, a control circuit, an electron gun, a slow-wave circuit, and an output apparatus. The input apparatus may be configured to receive a radio frequency signal, and feed the radio frequency signal into the slow-wave circuit. The control circuit may be configured to determine a quantity N of electron beams and currents of the N electron beams, and control the electron gun to emit the N electron beams. Further, the slow-wave circuit may perform beam-wave interaction with the N electron beams, to amplify power of the radio frequency signa, and because the slow-wave circuit works in a saturation region, electronic efficiency of the travelling-wave tube can be greater than or equal to a first threshold. The output apparatus may output an amplified radio frequency signal.

Abstract: This application provides a power amplification apparatus, a beamforming system, a transmitter, and a base station. The apparatus includes a power amplifier that amplifies a first signal, a power supply, and a power supply modulator that controls, based on an envelope signal corresponding to the first signal, an operating voltage provided by the power supply to the power amplifier. The apparatus is further configured to amplify a second signal. The first signal is generated based on the part of a target amplified signal whose amplitude falls within a preset amplitude range. The second signal is generated based on the part of the target amplified signal whose amplitude falls beyond the preset amplitude range.

Abstract: A signal processing apparatus includes a power amplifier and a power supply modulator. The signal processing apparatus obtains a first non-linear coefficient, where the first non-linear coefficient indicates a non-linear characteristic of the power amplifier and a non-linear characteristic of the power supply modulator. The signal processing apparatus performs non-linear preprocessing and correction on a first baseband signal based on the first non-linear coefficient, to obtain a first intermediate signal and a second intermediate signal. The signal processing apparatus performs digital-to-analog conversion on the first intermediate signal and then performs up-conversion processing, to obtain a third intermediate signal. The signal processing apparatus performs envelope processing on the second intermediate signal, to obtain a first envelope signal. The signal processing apparatus modulates the first envelope signal by using the power supply modulator, to obtain a first control voltage signal.

Abstract: A signal transmitter is provided. The signal transmitter includes a signal splitting module, including M output interfaces, where the signal splitting module is configured to split a signal into N sub-signals, and output the N sub-signals through N of the M output interfaces, where M and N are integers, M?2, N?1, and M?N, an integrated array traveling-wave tube amplifier, including M radio frequency channels, where the M channels one-to-one correspond to the M output interfaces, each channel is configured to perform power amplification on a sub-signal that is output from a corresponding output interface, and each channel is openable and closeable, a power supply module, configured to supply power to the integrated array traveling-wave tube amplifier, and at least one transmit antenna, configured to send a signal obtained through power amplification.

Abstract: A polarization reconfigurable apparatus, a communications device, and a polarization reconfiguration method, the apparatus including a signal generation unit, a signal adjustment unit, a digital-to-analog conversion unit, and a transmission unit that are sequentially connected. A signal transmitted by a first port in the transmission unit is orthogonal to a signal transmitted by a second port in the transmission unit. The signal generation unit is configured to generate a first signal. The signal adjustment unit is configured to determine a polarization mode of a to-be-transmitted signal, divide the first signal into two first signals, and adjust an amplitude and a phase of a 1st first signal and an amplitude and a phase of a 2nd first signal based on the determined polarization mode.

Abstract: This application discloses example multi-phase-based Doherty power amplifier control methods and apparatus An example method includes obtaining a baseband signal and generating two vector signals based on the baseband signal, where the two vector signals each include a phase signal and amplitude signal, and the two vector signals are non-orthogonal signals. Amplitude control signals of a target power amplifier are obtained based on quantization encoding of amplitude signals of the two vector signals, where the target power amplifier includes a main and power amplifier, and the main and auxiliary power amplifier each include a plurality of working cells. Phase control signals of the target power amplifier are obtained based on phase signals of the two vector signals. Based on the phase control signals and the amplitude control signals, a plurality of working cells in the main power amplifier and the auxiliary power amplifier to output power signals are controlled.

Abstract: A signal transmitter is provided. The signal transmitter includes a signal splitting module, including M output interfaces, where the signal splitting module is configured to split a signal into N sub-signals, and output the N sub-signals through N of the M output interfaces, where M and N are integers, M?2, N?1, and M?N, an integrated array traveling-wave tube amplifier, including M radio frequency channels, where the M channels one-to-one correspond to the M output interfaces, each channel is configured to perform power amplification on a sub-signal that is output from a corresponding output interface, and each channel is openable and closeable, a power supply module, configured to supply power to the integrated array traveling-wave tube amplifier, and at least one transmit antenna, configured to send a signal obtained through power amplification.

Abstract: A polarization reconfigurable apparatus, a communications device, and a polarization reconfiguration method, the apparatus including a signal generation unit, a signal adjustment unit, a digital-to-analog conversion unit, and a transmission unit that are sequentially connected. A signal transmitted by a first port in the transmission unit is orthogonal to a signal transmitted by a second port in the transmission unit. The signal generation unit is configured to generate a first signal. The signal adjustment unit is configured to determine a polarization mode of a to-be-transmitted signal, divide the first signal into two first signals, and adjust an amplitude and a phase of a 1st first signal and an amplitude and a phase of a 2nd first signal based on the determined polarization mode.

Abstract: This application provides a power amplification apparatus, a beamforming system, a transmitter, and a base station. The apparatus includes a power amplifier that amplifies a first signal, a power supply, and a power supply modulator that controls, based on an envelope signal corresponding to the first signal, an operating voltage provided by the power supply to the power amplifier. The apparatus is further configured to amplify a second signal. The first signal is generated based on the part of a target amplified signal whose amplitude falls within a preset amplitude range. The second signal is generated based on the part of the target amplified signal whose amplitude falls beyond the preset amplitude range.