Abstract: A method for characterizing the interaction force between lignin and cellulase is provided. The method includes the following steps: (1) preparing a lignin solution, then dropwise adding the solution onto a silicon wafer, repeatedly spin-coating with a spin coater, and vacuum-drying the prepared lignin film; (2) modifying an AFM probe coated with a gold film on the surface with HS-PEG-COOH and then activating the carboxyl group, immersing the AFM probe after the carboxyl group activation in a PBS solution of cellulase for incubation, and after the modification is completed, placing the washed AFM probe in a PBS buffer solution for storage for later use; (3) testing the lignin-cellulase interaction force by using an AFM instrument in a liquid phase environment.

Abstract: A method for characterizing the interaction force between lignin and cellulase is provided. The method includes the following steps: (1) preparation of lignin film: preparing a lignin solution, then dropwise adding the solution onto a silicon wafer, repeatedly spin-coating with a spin coater, and vacuum-drying the prepared lignin film; (2) AFM probe modification: modifying an AFM probe coated with a gold film on the surface with HS-PEG-COOH and then activating the carboxyl group, immersing the AFM probe after the carboxyl group activation in a PBS solution of cellulase for incubation, and after the modification is completed, placing the washed AFM probe in a PBS buffer solution for storage for later use; (3) testing the lignin-cellulase interaction force by using an AFM instrument in a liquid phase environment. AFM is used to quantitatively characterize the interaction between the cellulase and lignin in a liquid environment.

Abstract: An antibacterial and antiviral degradable mask and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. From outside to inside, the mask sequentially comprises a surface layer (1), a core layer (2), and an inner layer (3) that contacts the face; the surface layer (1) is made of an antibacterial and antiviral cellulose spunlace non-woven fabric; the core layer (2) is made of a polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric; the inner layer (3) is made of a polypropylene spunbond non-woven fabric or a degradable natural cotton fabric. The mask can have both antibacterial and antiviral functions; moreover, the material is degradable, and thus, environmental pollution pressure caused by non-degradable petroleum-based fiber materials such as polypropylene can be effectively relieved.

Abstract: An antibacterial and antiviral degradable mask and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. From outside to inside, the mask sequentially comprises a surface layer (1), a core layer (2), and an inner layer (3) that contacts the face; the surface layer (1) is made of an antibacterial and antiviral cellulose spunlace non-woven fabric; the core layer (2) is made of a polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric; the inner layer (3) is made of a polypropylene spunbond non-woven fabric or a degradable natural cotton fabric. The mask can have both antibacterial and antiviral functions; moreover, the material is degradable, and thus, environmental pollution pressure caused by non-degradable petroleum-based fiber materials such as polypropylene can be effectively relieved.

Abstract: A method and special complex enzyme for hydrolyzing a galactomannan (GM) to prepare a small-molecule GM and a galactomannan oligosaccharide (GMOS) is provided. The method includes: conducting fermentation with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and melibiose as carbon sources and Trichoderma reesei (T. reesei) as an enzyme-producing strain to obtain a supernatant, which is a complex enzyme solution with enzymatic activities of ?-mannanase and ?-galactosidase; and directly using the complex enzyme solution for enzymatic hydrolysis of a GM as a substrate to prepare the small-molecule GM and the GMOS.

Abstract: A method and special complex enzyme for hydrolyzing a galactomannan (GM) to prepare a small-molecule GM and a galactomannan oligosaccharide (GMOS) is provided. The method includes: conducting fermentation with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and melibiose as carbon sources and Trichoderma reesei (T. reesei) as an enzyme-producing strain to obtain a supernatant, which is a complex enzyme solution with enzymatic activities of ?-mannanase and ?-galactosidase; and directly using the complex enzyme solution for enzymatic hydrolysis of a GM as a substrate to prepare the small-molecule GM and the GMOS.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved semi-automated methods that permit the extraction of nucleic acids from samples, preparation of PCR and post-PCR preparation steps of DNA- libraries for next-generation sequencings methods that can be conducted. The methods and additional aspects relating to such methods are less laborious, safe costs, reagents and are less prone to contamination than comparable methods that are not automated.