Abstract: System and methods of managing reference frame adaptively for video communication under a network are provided. The system adaptively decides the interval between each I frame, the bitrate of the encoded bit steams, and the resolution of the encoded video to achieve quick connection. The system may set the appropriate reference frame(s) for the current frame, manage the reference frame(s) in the DPB to be long/short term reference frame(s) or mark them as unused for reference; mark the current frame to be a long term reference frame, a short term reference frame, unused for reference or skip encoding the current frame; adaptively change the ratio of long term reference frame(s) with respect to the short term reference frame(s) in the DPB; adaptively change the frequency ratio of marking the current frame as long term reference frame and marking the current frame as short term reference frame.

Abstract: A decoding method includes: decoding from the video bitstream a prediction status parameter indicative of whether SOP is enabled; if the SOP is enabled, determining a SOP type indicative of a specific operation for predicting a current picture of the video bitstream; and determining a predicted picture by applying the specific operation to at least one of a reference picture for the current picture and the current picture, in which the specific operation includes at least one of rotation and zoom. An encoding method includes: if SOP is enabled, determining SOP data indicative of a specific operation for predicting a current picture of a video sequence; determining a predicted picture by applying the specific operation to at least one of a reference picture for the current picture and the current picture, in which the specific operation includes at least one of rotation and zoom; and encoding the SOP data.

Abstract: A decoding method includes: decoding from the video bitstream a prediction status parameter indicative of whether SOP is enabled; if the SOP is enabled, determining a SOP type indicative of a specific operation for predicting a current picture of the video bitstream; and determining a predicted picture by applying the specific operation to at least one of a reference picture for the current picture and the current picture, in which the specific operation includes at least one of rotation and zoom. An encoding method includes: if SOP is enabled, determining SOP data indicative of a specific operation for predicting a current picture of a video sequence; determining a predicted picture by applying the specific operation to at least one of a reference picture for the current picture and the current picture, in which the specific operation includes at least one of rotation and zoom; and encoding the SOP data.

Abstract: System and methods of managing reference frame adaptively for video communication under a network are provided. For connection process, based on the network types of all clients and network conditions the system adaptively decides the interval between each I frame, the bitrate of the encoded bit steams, and the resolution of the encoded video to achieve quick connection. Based on the feedback of other clients and network conditions, the system may decide to re-enter the connection stage.