Abstract: The application discloses a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag reading system, an RFID reading-writing apparatus and an RFID tag reading method. According to an embodiment of the RFID tag reading system, an RFID tag is attached to a side surface of a sample vessel and stores preset information indicating a unique identity of one or more biological samples loaded in the sample vessel. When an RFID reading-writing apparatus and the sample vessel are arranged on a same bench, and a distance between the RFID reading-writing apparatus and the RFID tag is less than or equal to a preset induction distance, the RFID reading-writing apparatus can read the preset information stored in the RFID tag through an induction field which is generated on a side of the RFID reading-writing apparatus and can emit radio frequency signals along a substantially horizontal direction.