Abstract: The present invention is applicable to the technical field of aerial photography. Disclosed are a panoramic photographing apparatus, a panoramic photographing system, a photographing method, and an aircraft. The photographing apparatus comprises a support connected to an aircraft body and a photographing module mounted on the support. The photographing module comprises a first photographing module and a second photographing module arranged in a first direction and a second direction. The first direction is opposite to the second direction. A line of sight corresponding to a maximum angle of view of the first photographing module intersects a line of sight corresponding to a maximum angle of view of the second photographing module. The photographing method uses the photographing apparatus. The aircraft comprises the photographing apparatus. The panoramic photographing system comprises the remote terminal and the photographing apparatus/aircraft.