Abstract: A molecular marker for diagnosing, prognosis, evaluating, and treating cardiac fibrosis and belongs to the technical field of biomedicine. The present disclosure provides a molecular marker capable of diagnosing cardiac fibrosis, assessing the severity of cardiac fibrosis, evaluating the prognosis of cardiovascular disease with cardiac fibrosis, or evaluating the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. The molecular marker comprises hepatocyte growth factor. It has been found that HGF is significantly elevated in the plasma of patients with cardiac fibrosis and also considerably elevated in patients with aortic stenosis before surgery. Therefore, HGF can be used to diagnose cardiac fibrosis and evaluate its severity.

Abstract: To fabricate a perovskite solar cell (PSC), a printable carbon electrode is formed on an uppermost layer, either a perovskite layer or an interface layer thereon, of a partially-completed PSC. A carbon ink is first prepared by dispersing carbon materials in a mixture of a polymer binder and a solvent. Then the carbon ink is screen-printed on the uppermost layer to form a wet film thereon. The wet film is baked with a baking temperature not exceeding 100° C. to evaporate the solvent to form the carbon electrode. Advantageously, the wet film is pressed with a pressure during baking such that the carbon electrode becomes denser and yields a lower sheet resistance when compared to one formed without being pressed. Preferably the pressure is at least 16,000 Pa. Experimental results show that the percentage reduction of sheet resistance can reach 40%.