Abstract: In some embodiments, a computer-implemented method of generating a visualization of wavelength-dependent surface characteristics is provided. A computing device receives an input image captured by a camera, wherein the input image includes information in a low-dimensional color space. The computing device processes the input image to determine spectrum band information in a high-dimensional color space that corresponds to the input image. The computing device extracts subtractive information from the spectrum band information to obtain wavelength-dependent surface characteristic information, The computing device generates the visualization using the wavelength-dependent surface characteristic information. In some embodiments, the computing device may be a smartphone.

Abstract: Culture systems and methods of using same. The systems include a housing defining an inner space. The inner space includes a headspace and at least a portion of a reservoir. A surface for immobilizing cells is moveable between the headspace and the reservoir. The systems can be used for coculturing methanotrophs and phototrophs for processing biogas and wastewater, particularly from anaerobic digesters.

Abstract: Culture systems and methods of using same. The systems include a housing defining an inner space. The inner space includes a headspace and at least a portion of a reservoir. A surface for immobilizing cells is moveable between the headspace and the reservoir. The systems can be used for coculturing methanotrophs and phototrophs for processing biogas and wastewater, particularly from anaerobic digesters.

Abstract: Culture systems and methods of using same. The systems include a housing defining an inner space. The inner space includes a headspace and at least a portion of a reservoir. A surface for immobilizing cells is moveable between the headspace and the reservoir. The systems can be used for coculturing methanotrophs and phototrophs for processing biogas and wastewater, particularly from anaerobic digesters.

Abstract: An energy-recovery generation system for a handling and carrying electric vehicle, comprising a hoisting cylinder (9), wherein an output pipeline of the hoisting cylinder (9) is provided with a pressure sensor unit (1) and a directional valve (2); the directional valve (2) is under the control of the pressure sensor unit (1); a first outlet of the directional valve (2) is connected to a tank (5) through a way of a multi-way valve (4) with an operating handle; the pressure oil, flowing out from a second outlet of the directional valve (2), passes through a pump (7) having an oil suction port capable of bearing pressure or a motor, and then passes through the multi-way valve (4), to finally flow back to the tank (5); the pump (7) having an oil suction port capable of bearing pressure or the motor drives an electric motor (16) to output electric energy; an electric energy output end of the electric motor (16) is connected to an energy storage device (20) through a converter (21).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a telescopic crawler chassis and engineering machinery having the telescopic crawler chassis, comprising a left crawler frame, a right crawler frame and a base, further comprising at least one hollow left sliding beam and at least one right sliding beam. One end of the hollow left sliding beam is fixedly connected with the left crawler frame, and one end of the right sliding beam is fixedly connected with the right crawler frame. At least one hollow sliding seat is arranged on the base, one end of the hollow left sliding beam is movably inserted into an hollow sliding seat from the left end of the hollow sliding seat, and one end of the right sliding beam is movably inserted into an hollow sliding seat and also into the hollow part of the hollow left sliding beam from the right end of the hollow sliding seat. The change or conversion of the state of the engineering machinery can be more convenient, and the whole machine walks and operates more stably, safely and reliably.

Abstract: An energy-recovery generation system for a handling and carrying electric vehicle, comprising a hoisting cylinder (9), wherein an output pipeline of the hoisting cylinder (9) is provided with a pressure sensor unit (1) and a directional valve (2); the directional valve (2) is under the control of the pressure sensor unit (1); a first outlet of the directional valve (2) is connected to a tank (5) through a way of a multi-way valve (4) with an operating handle; the pressure oil, flowing out from a second outlet of the directional valve (2), passes through a pump (7) having an oil suction port capable of bearing pressure or a motor, and then passes through the multi-way valve (4), to finally flow back to the tank (5); the pump (7) having an oil suction port capable of bearing pressure or the motor drives an electric motor (16) to output electric energy; an electric energy output end of the electric motor (16) is connected to an energy storage device (20) through a converter (21).

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and a system for performing an adaptive state estimation process for processing semiconductor wafers. A processing of a first workpiece is controlled using a process controller and a processing tool. Manufacturing data relating to the processing of the first workpiece is acquired. Status data relating to the manufacturing data is acquired. The status data includes data relating to the source of the manufacturing data. A state of a process controller or a processing tool is determined based upon the status data and the manufacturing data.

Abstract: An integrated circuit wafer system includes an integrated circuit wafer, measuring thicknesses of the integrated circuit wafer, calculating a change in temperature ramp rates and thickness offsets for subsequent processing based on the temperature ramp rates for prior processing and the resultant thicknesses, and calculating an average temperature and deposition time for subsequent processing based on calculated changes in temperature ramp rates, coupled with the average temperature, deposition time for prior processing, and the resultant thicknesses.

Abstract: An integrated circuit wafer system includes an integrated circuit wafer, measuring thicknesses of the integrated circuit wafer, calculating a change in temperature ramp rates and thickness offsets for subsequent processing based on the temperature ramp rates for prior processing and the resultant thicknesses, and calculating an average temperature and deposition time for subsequent processing based on calculated changes in temperature ramp rates, coupled with the average temperature, deposition time for prior processing, and the resultant thicknesses.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for detecting step and impulse disturbances. The method includes determining a pattern based on a plurality of probabilities associated with a corresponding plurality of wafer processing parameters and determining a type of a disturbance based upon the pattern.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and a system for performing an adaptive state estimation process for processing semiconductor wafers. A processing of a first workpiece is controlled using a process controller and a processing tool. Manufacturing data relating to the processing of the first workpiece is acquired. Status data relating to the manufacturing data is acquired. The status data includes data relating to the source of the manufacturing data. A state of a process controller or a processing tool is determined based upon the status data and the manufacturing data.