Abstract: This application discloses a data processing method. First data processing is performed on a plurality of first data streams obtained through first FEC encoding, to obtain m second data streams. Second FEC encoding has been performed for each of the second data streams, and each codeword obtained through the second FEC encoding includes N bits, where N=K+S. Second data processing is separately performed on the m second data streams to obtain m third data streams. Each of the third data streams includes at least one bit sequence, each bit sequence includes P+W bits, the P bits in each bit sequence are from the second data stream, and the W bits in each bit sequence are an added alignment marker, where P=N×b. Third data processing is performed on the m third data streams to obtain Y modulated symbol streams, where modulation has been performed for each of the modulated symbol streams.

Abstract: A method for updating stored information and an apparatus. A controller performs error correction code (ECC) decoding on stored data information based on the stored data information and stored ECC check information to generate an error-corrected codeword, where the error-corrected codeword includes error-corrected data information. The controller generates candidate to-be-written data information based on the error-corrected data information and a data update indication. The controller performs a mask operation on the candidate to-be-written data information based on the stored data information, and writes unmasked content in the candidate to-be-written data information into a memory.

Abstract: A coding method for data communication is provided, and may be applied to a plurality of scenarios such as a metro network, a backbone network, and a data center interconnection. The method includes: forming a first codeword, where the first codeword includes n image bits and n to-be-transmitted bits, the n image bits are selected from to-be-transmitted bits in m source codewords, the source codeword is a codeword formed before the first codeword, both n and m are positive integers, and n>m; and sending the n to-be-transmitted bits in the first codeword. The bit in the first codeword is protected by a plurality of codewords generated at different moments, and a coding gain effect is better. In addition, the bit in the codeword is protected by different quantities of codewords.

Abstract: This application discloses a transmission method for optical communication. The method is applicable to a plurality of scenarios of over 400 Gbps (including 600 Gbps, 800 Gbps, and the like), such as a metropolitan area network, a backbone network, and data center interconnection. The method includes: generating a frame including a plurality of symbols, where in a polarization direction, the frame includes NFAW frame alignment word symbols, NPS pilot symbols, and NRES reserved symbols, one symbol in every M symbols in the frame is a pilot symbol, and NFAW+NRES=M or NFAW+NRES+1=M; and each of the frame alignment word symbols and the pilot symbols is one of ?A?Aj, ?A+Aj, A?Aj, and A+Aj, and A is a real number; and transmitting the frame.

Abstract: A coding method and apparatus for data communication are provided, and may be applied to a plurality of scenarios such as a metro network, a backbone network, and a data center interconnection. As an example method, a first codeword is formed, where the first codeword includes n image bits and n to-be-transmitted bits. The n image bits are selected from to-be-transmitted bits in m source codewords. The m source codewords are formed before the first codeword. Both n and m are positive integers, and n>m; The n to-be-transmitted bits in the first codeword are sent. The bit in the first codeword can be protected by a plurality of codewords generated at different moments. In addition, the bit in the codeword can be protected by different quantities of codewords.

Abstract: This application provides a data processing method and a second communication apparatus, to resolve a problem of relatively long data synchronization time in a conventional technology, and may be applied to augmented reality AR, virtual reality VR, artificial intelligence AI, cloud applications, or other fields. The data processing method includes: A second optical module receives first data from a first optical module, and determines out-of-synchronization lock based on the first data. The second optical module sends, to a second host, first indication information indicating that the second optical module is in out-of-synchronization lock state. The second optical module receives second data from the first optical module, determines synchronization lock based on the second data, and sends, to the second host, second indication information indicating that the second optical module is in synchronization lock state.

Abstract: A method for updating stored information and an apparatus. A controller performs error correction code (ECC) decoding on stored data information based on the stored data information and stored ECC check information to generate an error-corrected codeword, where the error-corrected codeword includes error-corrected data information. The controller generates candidate to-be-written data information based on the error-corrected data information and a data update indication. The controller performs a mask operation on the candidate to-be-written data information based on the stored data information, and writes unmasked content in the candidate to-be-written data information into a memory.

Abstract: A method for updating stored information and an apparatus. A controller performs error correction code (ECC) decoding on stored data information based on the stored data information and stored ECC check information to generate an error-corrected codeword, where the error-corrected codeword includes error-corrected data information. The controller generates candidate to-be-written data information based on the error-corrected data information and a data update indication. The controller performs a mask operation on the candidate to-be-written data information based on the stored data information, and writes unmasked content in the candidate to-be-written data information into a memory.

Abstract: A coding method for data communication is provided, and may be applied to a plurality of scenarios such as a metro network, a backbone network, and a data center interconnection. The method includes: forming a first codeword, where the first codeword includes n image bits and n to-be-transmitted bits, the n image bits are selected from to-be-transmitted bits in m source codewords, the source codeword is a codeword formed before the first codeword, both n and m are positive integers, and n>m; and sending the n to-be-transmitted bits in the first codeword. The bit in the first codeword is protected by a plurality of codewords generated at different moments, and a coding gain effect is better. In addition, the bit in the codeword is protected by different quantities of codewords.

Abstract: A method for updating stored information and an apparatus. A controller performs error correction code (ECC) decoding on stored data information based on the stored data information and stored ECC check information to generate an error-corrected codeword, where the error-corrected codeword includes error-corrected data information. The controller generates candidate to-be-written data information based on the error-corrected data information and a data update indication. The controller performs a mask operation on the candidate to-be-written data information based on the stored data information, and writes unmasked content in the candidate to-be-written data information into a memory.