Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons are alkylated with relatively long chain alkylating agents, e.g., C.sub.6 + olefins, in the presence of, as catalyst, certain Lewis acid-promoted zeolites to provide long chain aromatic products which are useful, inter alia, as lubricating oil stocks.

Abstract: Turbine oils are produced from a distillate lube fraction by solvent extraction to remove aromatics, e.g., with furfural, then dewaxing and hydrofinishing to saturate residual aromatics. Treatment with an organic peroxide, such as ditertiary butyl peroxide (DTBP), increases viscosity to compensate for the viscosity loss during the hydrofinishing. Dewaxing may be solvent or catalytic dewaxing or both. Peroxide treatment also reduces cloud point.

Abstract: The thermal and oxidative stability of HVI-PAO olefin oligomers is improved by alkylation in the presence of a solid, porous, acidic alkylation catalyst defined by a specific X-ray diffraction pattern. A preferred catalyst is the synthetic zeolite MCM-22. The olefinic oligomers used as alkylating agents are prepared from 1-alkene oligomerization in contact with a reduced metal oxide, preferably reduced chromium oxide, catalyst on support such as silica. Aromatics which may be used in the reaction include monocyclic aromatics such as benzene and toluene as well as bicyclic aromatics such as naphthalene. Substituted aromatics may be used in order to introduce functional groups such as hydroxyl groups into the products, for example by the use of hydroxyaromtics such as phenol or naphthaol.

Abstract: Synthetic lubricating oils having a predetermined alkylaromatic structure are prepared from a mixture of mono- or dialkenyl benzene with an aliphatic olefin by free-radical reaction in the presence of ditertiary-butyl peroxide, for example. Equivalent napthalene derivatives may be substituted for the dialkenyl benzene. The oils that are formed exhibit a high Viscosity Index, and a low pour point. The viscosity of the synthetic lube stock produced may be controlled by changing the amount of peroxide used.

Abstract: High viscosity index, low pour point lubricants are produced by reacting an iso-paraffinic component, preferably with significant mono- and di-methyl chain branching, with an olefinic reactant in the presence of a free radical generator such as an organic peroxide, preferably ditertiary butyl peroxide. The isoparaffinic reactant is preferably obtained by the isomerization of a waxy feed such as slack wax over a zeolite beta isomerization catalyst, preferably Pt/zeolite beta. The olefinic reactant is preferably a distillate fraction produced by the oligomerization of low molecular weight olefins e.g., C.sub.3 to C.sub.5 olefins, produced by oligomerization over an intermediate pore size zeolite oligomerization catalyst such as ZSM-5.

Abstract: A process for dewaxing waxy hydrocarbon feedstocks to produce distillate fuels or lubricant stocks having improved pour point properties. The process comprises catalytic hydroisomerization of the feedstock over catalyst comprising a synthetic porous crystalline material characterized in its calcined form by an X-ray diffraction pattern including interplanar d-spacings at 12.36.+-.0.4, 11.03.+-.0.2, 8.83.+-.0.14, 6.18.+-.0.12, 6.00.+-.0.10, 4.06.+-.0.07, 3.91.+-.0.07 and 3.42.+-.0.06 Angstroms, and an Alpha Value of 10 or less.

Abstract: Lubricant basestocks of high viscosity index, typically with V.I. of at least 130 or higher, and low pour point, typically below 5.degree. F., are produced by hydroisomerizing petroleum waxes such as slack wax or de-oiled wax, over zeolite beta and then dewaxing to target pour point. A preferred process employs a solvent dewaxing after the hydroisomerization step to effect a partial dewaxing with the separated waxes being recycled to the hydroisomerization step; dewaxing is then completed catalytically, typically over ZSM-5 or ZSM-23.

Abstract: Long chain alkyl aromatic compounds are prepared by alkylating an alkylatable aromatic compound with a long chain alkylating agent in the presence of catalyst comprising a synthetic porous crystalline material characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern including interplanar d-spacings at 12.36.+-.0.4, 11.03.+-.0.2, 8.83.+-.0.14, 6.18.+-.0.12, 6.00.+-.0.10, 4.06.+-.0.07, 3.91.+-.0.07 and 3.42.+-.0.06 Angstroms.

Abstract: A process for producing lubricant oils of low pour point and high viscosity index by first carrying out a partial dewaxing of a lubricant base stock in an initial catalytic dewaxing operation, followed by a selective dewaxing step. The initial catalytic dewaxing step is carried out using a large pore, high silica zeolite dewaxing catalyst such as high silica Y or zeolite beta which dewaxes by isomerizing the waxy components of the base stock to less waxy brance chain isoparaffins but the severity of the operation is controlled so as to effect only a partial removal of the waxy components. Further removal of the waxy components is effected during the subsequent dewaxing step which is selective for the removal of the more waxy n-paraffin components, leaving the branched chain isoparaffins which contribute to a high VI in the product. The selective dewaxing step may be either a solvent, e.g. MEK dewaxing operation or a catalytic dewaxing using a highly shape selective zeolite such as ZSM-22 or ZSM-23.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for improving the Viscosity Index of a hydrocarbon lubricating oil comprising the steps of providing a flow reactor having separate first and second inlet ports for the separate co-injection of lubricating oil and an organic peroxide, charging said lubricating oil and said organic peroxide of said flow reactor through said first and second inlet ports respectively, controlling the relative flowrates of said lubricating oil and organic peroxide reactants together with the total volumetric flowrate through said flow reactor to maintain a flow regime which favors diffusional mixing between said organic peroxide and said lubricating oil, and maintaining said organic peroxide and said lubricating oil under conversion conditions including temperatures of between about 50.degree. and 300.degree. C. and pressure sufficient to maintain said lubricating oil and said organic peroxide substantially in the liquid phase.

Abstract: Lubricants of improved characteristics are produced by carrying out a solvent extraction to remove aromatic components after solvent or catalytic dewaxing. Aromatic extraction solvents such as phenol, furfural or N-methyl pyrrolidone may be used. The process is particularly useful with wax-derived lubricants produced by the hydroisomerization of a petroleum wax which has then been dewaxed.

Abstract: Relatively long chain alkyl aromatic compounds are prepared by alkylating an alkylatable aromatic compound with a relatively long chain alkylating agent under alkylation reaction conditions in the pressure of a layered material as an alkylation catalyst. The layered material contains titanate in the layers and oxide pillars separating the layers. The layers also contain vacancies and/or metals incorporated therein.

Abstract: A method for reactivating noble metal-containing zeolites containing sulfur oxide poisoned noble metal such as oxygen regenerated platinum zeolite beta catalysts, by contacting the catalyst with an acidic aqueous solution having a pH below about 7. The solution contains a Bronsted acid compound having a dissociation constant ranging from about 1.times.10.sup.-14 to about 2.times.10.sup.-1.

Abstract: A method for reactivating noble metal-containing zeolites containing sulfur oxide poisoned noble metal such as oxygen regenerated platinum zeolite beta catalysts, by contacting the catalyst with an acidic aqueous solution having a pH below about 7. The solution contains a Bronsted acid compound having a dissociation constant ranging from about 1.times.10.sup.-14 to about 2.times.10.sup.-1.

Abstract: A coke-deactivated noble metal-containing catalyst is sulfided with a sulfiding agent, e.g., H.sub.2 S in H.sub.2, then coke is burned from the sulfided catalyst by contacting the catalyst with oxygen, optionally in the presence of sulfur dioxide, and then the catalyst is reduced with a reducing agent, e.g., H.sub.2. The process permits burning off coke while avoiding excessive agglomeration of the noble metals on the catalyst.

Abstract: Dewaxing a waxy feedstock is achieved by dispersing dewaxing catalyst particles within the liquid waxy feedstock and removing gaseous products out of contact with the catalyst by purging a gas stream through the liquid feedstock.

Abstract: There is provided a method and catalyst for removing catalyst-poisoning impurities or contaminants such as arsenic, iron and nickel from hydrocarbonaceous fluids, particularly shale oil and fractions thereof. More particularly there is provided a method of removal of such impurities by contacting the fluids with a copper-Group VIA metal-alumina catalyst. For example, a copper-molybdenum-alumina catalyst may be used as a guard bed material in a step preceding most refining operations, such as desulfurization, denitrogenation, catalytic hydrogenation, etc.

Abstract: There is provided a method and catalyst for removing catalyst-poisoning impurities or contaminants such as arsenic, iron and nickel from hydrocarbonaceous fluids, particularly shale oil and fractions thereof. More particularly there is provided a method of removal of such impurities by contacting the fluids with a copper-Group VIA metal-alumina catalyst. For example, a copper-molybdenum-alumina catalyst may be used as a guard bed material in a step preceding most refining operations, such as desulfurization, denitrogenation, catalytic hydrogenation, etc.

Abstract: A hydrocarbonaceous feedstock upgrading process is disclosed. Spent nickel arsenide-containing catalyst from demetallation guard chambers or hydroprocessing operations are utilized to upgrade the hydrocarbonaceous feedstock prior to dearsenation. The spent catalysts have significant activity for diolefin saturation and CCR removal at temperatures low enough to reduce olefin polymerization reactions.