Abstract: The present application provides a method for determining water cut and oil-gas ratio in a three-phase system. The method comprises: acquiring the total mass, total volume, and gas volume of produced fluids at the wellhead of a target well within a preset monitoring period, wherein the produced fluids are in an oil-water-gas three-phase mixed state; obtaining the emulsion ratio, emulsion volume coefficient, oil density, water density, and gas density of the fluids; determining liquid-phase mass and liquid-phase volume of the fluids according to the total mass, total volume, gas volume, and gas density; calculating the oil mass fraction in the liquid phase of the fluids based on the liquid-phase mass, liquid-phase volume, emulsion ratio, emulsion volume coefficient, oil density, and water density; and determining water cut and oil-gas ratio according to the oil mass fraction in the liquid phase.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method and apparatus for determining the settling rate of proppants in hydraulic fracturing. The method comprises: acquiring the target mesh size of the proppant; obtaining the bulk density of the proppant, and the density and viscosity of the carrier fluid under reservoir conditions; retrieving the proppant concentration (sand ratio) during injection; and applying a pre-established predictive model specific to the selected mesh size. The model inputs include proppant bulk density, carrier fluid density, reservoir-temperature viscosity, and sand ratio, and the output is the estimated settling velocity. This method effectively addresses the technical challenge of predicting proppant transport behavior under downhole conditions, thereby enhancing proppant placement accuracy and improving fracture conductivity in low-permeability formations.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for determining the pumping rate to improve proppant placement efficiency. The method includes: acquiring proppant mesh size, bulk density, carrier fluid density and viscosity at reservoir temperature; determining the fracture length from the wellbore to the tip and average fracture width; and obtaining a preset proppant concentration. These parameters are input into a calculation model to compute the pumping rate. The method enables accurate pumping rate determination and enhances placement efficiency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rock hydraulic fracturing under resonant excitation are disclosed. The method includes: obtaining excitation frequency and strain time-series data of a target rock sample based on a simulated pore diameter; determining the resonant frequency under the pore diameter influence; identifying the fracture initiation pressure and orientation under the resonant frequency and a preset excitation duration; and formulating a fracture induction scheme accordingly. This approach enables accurate characterization of fracture initiation conditions and improves hydraulic fracturing performance in unconventional reservoirs.

Abstract: This utility patent discloses a method, device, and computing apparatus for calculating fracturing fluid leak-off volume in reservoir matrices, within the field of petroleum exploitation. The method includes: acquiring pressure data from measurement points in core samples during fracturing fluid damage tests; determining fluid-induced damage length based on the data; calculating permeability variation parameters as a function of invasion depth; computing fluid invasion depth using fracturing fluid density, viscosity, and permeability variation; and calculating total leak-off volume based on average fracture height and length of primary and branch fractures. The method enables fast and accurate estimation of fluid loss by incorporating key factors such as permeability variation with depth, fluid density, and viscosity, offering a reliable foundation for hydraulic fracturing design.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method and device for controlling perforation plugging operations. The method comprises: acquiring the pre-plugging fracturing fluid displacement and the target diversion pressure for a perforated interval; invoking a plugging ball quantity model to calculate the target number of plugging balls; computing the theoretical diversion pressure based on the post-plugging displacement and ball quantity; adjusting the post-plugging displacement when the theoretical pressure does not exceed the target pressure until it does; performing the plugging operation using the determined ball quantity and adjusted displacement; determining whether the plugging is effective by comparing the bottomhole pressure difference before and after the operation with the target diversion pressure. This method enables accurate determination of the number of plugging balls and fluid displacement after plugging, thereby ensuring that the fracturing operation meets the designed requirements.

Abstract: A display panel has a display region, an opening region, and an opening peripheral region; the opening peripheral region includes a first isolation region surrounding the opening region; the display panel includes a substrate, a driving circuit layer and first isolation columns; at least one insulating layer of the driving circuit layer is located in the display region and the opening peripheral region; the first isolation columns are disposed on the at least one layer of insulating layer and located in the first isolation region; each first isolation column surrounds the opening region; the first isolation columns are arranged at intervals along a radial direction of the opening region; a portion of the at least one insulating layer located between at least two adjacent first isolation columns is provided therein with a groove; and a filling layer made of an organic material is filled in the groove.

Abstract: A display substrate, a manufacturing method and a display device are provided. The display substrate includes: a base substrate and a plurality of sub-pixels; a pixel definition layer arranged on the base substrate and including a plurality of pixel openings, a region where the pixel opening is located being an active light-emitting region of a corresponding sub-pixel; a plurality of post spacers arranged at a side of the pixel definition layer away from the base substrate and configured to support a mask in an evaporation process of the display substrate; and a reflection layer arranged between the post spacer and the base substrate. An orthogonal projection of each post spacer onto the base substrate at least partially overlaps an orthogonal projection of the reflection layer onto the base substrate.

Abstract: A flexible displaying substrate includes: a first flexible film layer; a first barrier layer provided on a first surface of the first flexible film layer, and the first barrier layer is a constant-thickness film layer; a second barrier layer provided on one side of the first barrier layer away from the first flexible film layer; and a second flexible film layer is provided between the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer; wherein a surface of the second barrier layer closer to the first flexible film layer is provided with a slot, and a first orthographic projection of the second flexible film layer on the first flexible film layer and a second orthographic projection of the slot on the first flexible film layer at least partially overlap.

Abstract: A flexible displaying substrate includes: a first flexible film layer; a first barrier layer provided on a first surface of the first flexible film layer; a second barrier layer provided on one side of the first barrier layer further away from the first flexible film layer; and a second flexible film layer is provided between the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer; wherein at least one of a surface of the first barrier layer further away from the first flexible film layer and a surface of the second barrier layer closer to the first flexible film layer is provided with a slot, and a first orthographic projection of the second flexible film layer on the first flexible film layer and a second orthographic projection of the slot on the first flexible film layer at least partially overlap.