Abstract: Methods and systems (301) are provided to predicting premature birth condition in a subject. The method for predicting in or monitoring premature birth condition in a subject comprises processing a biological sample obtained from the subject to generate data indicative of a distribution of a plurality of populations of microbes of different types in the biological sample. A presence, absence, or relative amount of an individual population of the plurality of populations of microbes may be indicative of a premature birth condition. Next, a trained algorithm may be used to process the data to determine a presence, absence, or relative amount of the individual population of microbe. Next, based on the presence, absence, or relative amount, the subject may be identified as having the premature birth condition, such as, for example, in a report.