Abstract: A diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system for generating a functional image of a lesion region of a subject is described. The DOT system includes a source subsystem configured to generate optical waves, a probe coupled to the source subsystem and configured to emit the optical waves generated by the source subsystem toward the lesion region and to detect optical waves reflected by the lesion region, a detection subsystem configured to convert the optical waves detected by the probe to digital signals, and a computing device including a processor and a memory. The memory includes instructions that program the processor to receive the digital signals sent from the detection subsystem and perform reconstruction using a depth-regularized reconstruction algorithm combined with a semi-automated interactive convolutional neural network (CNN) for depth-dependent reconstruction of absorption distribution.

Abstract: A compact diffuse optical tomography system for generating a functional image of a lesion region is provided. The system includes a source subsystem, a probe, a detection subsystem, and a computing device. The source subsystem includes laser diodes and a laser diode driver board. The probe is configured to emit the optical waves generated by the source subsystem toward the lesion region and detect optical waves reflected by the lesion region. The detection subsystem includes a miniaturized detection board and a miniaturized data acquisition board. The miniaturized detection board includes a photomultiplier tube configured to convert the optical waves detected by the probe to electrical signals. The miniaturized data acquisition board is configured to convert electrical signals outputted by the miniaturized detection board to digital signals. The computing device is configured to receive the digital signals, reconstruct the functional image, and display the functional image.

Abstract: A system and method for generating at least one optimized functional images of a lesion region of a subject is provided. The system includes a diffuse optical tomography (DOT) device, and a computing device. The DOT device is configured to acquire lesion functional data of an imaging volume including the lesion region of the breast and reference functional data from a corresponding imaging volume including healthy tissue within a contralateral breast. The computing device is programmed to generate at least one functional image of the breast by reconstructing the functional data at the plurality of regions including the lesion region and the surrounding adjacent background region. The functional images may be reconstructed by an optimization method regularized a preliminary estimate generated by applying a truncated pseudoinverse matrix of a weight matrix to the functional data. The optimized functional images relate to levels of hemoglobin at the voxels.

Abstract: A system for determining a probability of normal rectal tissue composition within a region of interest of an ultrasound or photoacoustic image of the rectal tissue is disclosed. The system includes a computing device with at least one processor configured to receive at least one of a photoacoustic image and an ultrasound image; select a region of interest within the at least one of a photoacoustic image and an ultrasound image; transform the region of interest into the probability of normal rectal tissue composition using a CNN model; and display the probability of normal rectal tissue composition to an operator of the system.

Abstract: A diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system for generating a functional image of a lesion region of a subject is described. The DOT system includes a source subsystem configured to generate optical waves, a probe coupled to the source subsystem and configured to emit the optical waves generated by the source subsystem toward the lesion region and to detect optical waves reflected by the lesion region, a detection subsystem configured to convert the optical waves detected by the probe to digital signals, and a computing device including a processor and a memory. The memory includes instructions that program the processor to receive the digital signals sent from the detection subsystem and perform reconstruction using a depth-regularized reconstruction algorithm combined with a semi-automated interactive convolutional neural network (CNN) for depth-dependent reconstruction of absorption distribution.

Abstract: A diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system for generating a functional image of a lesion region of a subject includes a source subsystem configured to generate optical waves, a probe coupled to the source subsystem and configured to emit the optical waves generated by the source subsystem toward the lesion region and to detect optical waves reflected by the lesion region, a detection subsystem configured to convert the optical waves detected by the probe to digital signals, and a computing device including a processor and a memory. The memory includes instructions that program the processor to receive the digital signals sent from the detection subsystem, calculate an initial estimate of the functional image by solving an inverse optimization problem with a shape-regularized Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding algorithm (FISTA), reconstruct the functional image iteratively using a Finite Difference Method (FDM) or a Finite Element Method (FEM), and display the functional image.

Abstract: A system and method for generating at least one optimized functional images of a lesion region of a subject is provided. The system includes a diffuse optical tomography (DOT) device, and a computing device. The DOT device is configured to acquire lesion functional data of an imaging volume including the lesion region of the breast and reference functional data from a corresponding imaging volume including healthy tissue within a contralateral breast. The computing device is programmed to generate at least one functional image of the breast by reconstructing the functional data at the plurality of regions including the lesion region and the surrounding adjacent background region. The functional images may be reconstructed by an optimization method regularized a preliminary estimate generated by applying a truncated pseudoinverse matrix of a weight matrix to the functional data. The optimized functional images relate to levels of hemoglobin at the voxels.

Abstract: An endoscope includes a sheath; an ultrasound transducer disposed in the sheath to transmit an ultrasound frequency and to receive an image signal comprising an ultrasound signal and photoacoustic signal; and a plurality of optical fibers interposed between the sheath and ultrasound probe to transmit light; wherein the sheath comprises: a first end configured to accept the ultrasound transducer and plurality of optical fibers; and a second end to pass the ultrasound frequency and light out of the sheath. A process to make the endoscope comprises shaping a material to form a sheath; inserting an ultrasound transducer into the sheath; disposing a plurality of optical fibers into the sheath; and coupling an end of the sheath to the ultrasound transducer. A system for imaging comprises an endoscope; a near-infrared light source coupled endoscope; and an acquisition device to acquire an image signal from the endoscope.

Abstract: A compact diffuse optical tomography system for generating a functional image of a lesion region is provided. The system includes a source subsystem, a probe, a detection subsystem, and a computing device. The source subsystem includes laser diodes and a laser diode driver board. The probe is configured to emit the optical waves generated by the source subsystem toward the lesion region and detect optical waves reflected by the lesion region. The detection subsystem includes a miniaturized detection board and a miniaturized data acquisition board. The miniaturized detection board includes a photomultiplier tube configured to convert the optical waves detected by the probe to electrical signals. The miniaturized data acquisition board is configured to convert electrical signals outputted by the miniaturized detection board to digital signals. The computing device is configured to receive the digital signals, reconstruct the functional image, and display the functional image.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a primary probe that includes a substrate; an ultrasound transducer disposed in the substrate to irradiate a first tissue with an ultrasound frequency; a first near infrared source to irradiate the first tissue with a first near infrared wavelength; and a first light detector to detect a first detected wavelength from the first tissue; an auxiliary probe that includes a second near infrared source configured to irradiate a second tissue with a second near infrared wavelength; and a second light detector configured to detect a second detected wavelength from the second tissue. The system also can include an optical tomography device; an ultrasound device; and a processor unit. A process for imaging includes disposing the primary probe on a first tissue, disposing an auxiliary probe on a second tissue, irradiating the first tissue, and irradiating the second tissue to produce an image of the first tissue.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a primary probe that includes a substrate; an ultrasound transducer disposed in the substrate to irradiate a first tissue with an ultrasound frequency; a first near infrared source to irradiate the first tissue with a first near infrared wavelength; and a first light detector to detect a first detected wavelength from the first tissue; an auxiliary probe that includes a second near infrared source configured to irradiate a second tissue with a second near infrared wavelength; and a second light detector configured to detect a second detected wavelength from the second tissue. The system also can include an optical tomography device; an ultrasound device; and a processor unit. A process for imaging includes disposing the primary probe on a first tissue, disposing an auxiliary probe on a second tissue, irradiating the first tissue, and irradiating the second tissue to produce an image of the first tissue.

Abstract: An endoscope includes a sheath; an ultrasound transducer disposed in the sheath to transmit an ultrasound frequency and to receive an image signal comprising an ultrasound signal and photoacoustic signal; and a plurality of optical fibers interposed between the sheath and ultrasound probe to transmit light; wherein the sheath comprises: a first end configured to accept the ultrasound transducer and plurality of optical fibers; and a second end to pass the ultrasound frequency and light out of the sheath. A process to make the endoscope comprises shaping a material to form a sheath; inserting an ultrasound transducer into the sheath; disposing a plurality of optical fibers into the sheath; and coupling an end of the sheath to the ultrasound transducer. A system for imaging comprises an endoscope; a near-infrared light source coupled endoscope; and an acquisition device to acquire an image signal from the endoscope.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for medical imaging using diffusive optical tomography and fluorescent diffusive optical tomography and ultrasound are disclosed. In one embodiment, the probe comprises emitters and detectors that are inclined at an angle of about 1 to about 30 degrees to a surface of the probe that contacts tissue. In another embodiment, the scanned volume is divided into an inclusion region and a background region. Different voxel sizes are used in the inclusion region and the background region. Appropriate algorithms facilitate a reconstruction of the inclusion region to determine structural and functional features of the inclusion.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for medical imaging using diffusive optical tomography and fluorescent diffusive optical tomography are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for medical imaging comprises, scanning a tissue volume with near-infrared light to obtain structural parameters, wherein the tissue volume includes a biological entity, scanning the tissue volume with near-infrared light to obtain optical and fluorescence measurements of the scanned volume, segmenting the scanned volume into a first region and a second region, and reconstructing an optical image and a fluorescence image of at least a portion of the scanned volume from the structural parameters and the optical and fluorescence measurements. In another embodiment an apparatus for medical imaging is disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for medical imaging using diffusive optical tomography and fluorescent diffusive optical tomography are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for medical imaging comprises, scanning a tissue volume with near-infrared light to obtain structural parameters, wherein the tissue volume includes a biological entity, scanning the tissue volume with near-infrared light to obtain optical and fluorescence measurements of the scanned volume, segmenting the scanned volume into a first region and a second region, and reconstructing an optical image and a fluorescence image of at least a portion of the scanned volume from the structural parameters and the optical and fluorescence measurements. In another embodiment an apparatus for medical imaging is disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for medical imaging using diffusive optical tomography and fluorescent diffusive optical tomography and ultrasound are disclosed. In one embodiment, the probe comprises emitters and detectors that are inclined at an angle of about 1 to about 30 degrees to a surface of the probe that contacts tissue. In another embodiment, the scanned volume is divided into an inclusion region and a background region. Different voxel sizes are used in the inclusion region and the background region. Appropriate algorithms facilitate a reconstruction of the inclusion region to determine structural and functional features of the inclusion.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for medical imaging using diffusive optical tomography and fluorescent diffusive optical tomography and ultrasound are disclosed. In one embodiment, the probe comprises emitters and detectors that are inclined at an angle of about 1 to about 30 degrees to a surface of the probe that contacts tissue. In another embodiment, the scanned volume is divided into an inclusion region and a background region. Different voxel sizes are used in the inclusion region and the background region. Appropriate algorithms facilitate a reconstruction of the inclusion region to determine structural and functional features of the inclusion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for biological imaging comprising a probe comprising an emitter and a detector; a source circuit connected in operational communication to the emitter; a detector circuit connected in operational communication to the detector; a central processing unit connected to the source circuit and the detector circuit; a display operably connected to the central processing unit; and wherein the apparatus is capable of photoacoustic tomography and diffusive optical tomography and/or ultrasound tomography.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for medical imaging using diffusive optical tomography and fluorescent diffusive optical tomography are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method for medical imaging comprises, scanning a tissue volume with near-infrared light to obtain structural parameters, wherein the tissue volume includes a biological entity, scanning the tissue volume with near-infrared light to obtain optical and fluorescence measurements of the scanned volume, segmenting the scanned volume into a first region and a second region, and reconstructing an optical image and a fluorescence image of at least a portion of the scanned volume from the structural parameters and the optical and fluorescence measurements. In another embodiment an apparatus for medical imaging is disclosed.

Abstract: An image reconstruction process using a combined near infrared and ultrasound technique and its utility in imaging distributions of optical absorption and hemoglobin concentration of lesions is described. In the image reconstruction process, the tissue volume is segmented, based on initial co-registered ultrasound measurements, into a lesion region and a background region. Reconstruction is performed using a finer grid for the lesion region and a relatively coarser grid for the background tissue. In one embodiment, image reconstruction is refined by optimizing lesion parameters measured from ultrasound images.