Abstract: An electrochemical cell that oxidizes a solution provides a continuous and stable supply of an oxidizing ion solution to a fixture or vessel used for the purposes of decontaminating metal and metal alloys. The electrochemical cell includes an anode compartment that oxidizes the solution in nitric acid or methane sulfonic acid at a rate equal to or greater than a rate of reduction, or generates the oxidizing ions prior to use in a batch. The electrochemical cell is part of a larger system that facilitates online measurement system which measures the oxidizing ion solution and the dissolved PuO2, UO2, AmO2, other radionuclides, or other contaminates in real-time. Solution decontamination system removes the dissolved PuO2/UO2/AmO2, other radionuclides, or other contaminates from the oxidizing ion solution, real time acoustic monitoring of the thickness of the surface being contaminated, and automation of a delivery system facilitates flow between surface and electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A system includes a light source, a transparent container, a detector, and a processor. The light source emits light. Liquid flows from one end of the transparent container to another end of the transparent container. The liquid comprises a first and a component. One or more droplets containing the second component are formed within the transparent container as the liquid flows from the one end to the another end of the transparent container. The detector measures light intensities from the transparent container being illuminated. The one or more droplets cast shadows on the detector. A light intensity associated with a portion of the liquid that includes the one or more droplets is different from a second light intensity associated with another portion of the liquid that does not include the one or more droplets. The processor processes the measured light intensities to determine phase entrainment metrics associated with the liquid.

Abstract: A microfluidic assembly can include a first microchannel substrate defining one or more first microchannels, a second microchannel substrate defining one or more second microchannels. The assembly can further include a membrane positioned between the first and second microchannel substrates and comprising a first polymeric layer, a second polymeric layer, and one or more graphene layers disposed between the first and second polymeric layers. At least a portion of the first microchannels can overlap at least a portion of the second microchannels such that, when a first fluid is present in the first microchannels and a second fluid is present in the second microchannels, the first fluid and the second fluid contact opposite sides of the membrane.

Abstract: An assembly comprises a first liquid guide having an inlet, an outlet, and a liquid-conducting layer comprising a first material. The liquid-conducting layer extends between the inlet and the outlet. A second liquid guide has an inlet, an outlet, and a liquid-conducting layer comprising a second material. The liquid-conducting layer extends between the inlet and the outlet. At least a portion of the liquid-conducting layer of the second liquid guide overlaps the liquid-conducting layer of the first liquid guide such that, when a first liquid flows along the liquid-conducting layer of the first liquid guide and a second liquid flows along the liquid-conducting layer of the second liquid guide, the second liquid contacts the first liquid along the portion of the liquid-conducting layer of the second liquid guide that overlaps the liquid-conducting layer of the first liquid guide.