Abstract: A method includes determining that a first group of word lines associated with a block of memory cells are in a programmed state and determining that a second group of word lines associated with the block of memory cells are in an unprogrammed state. The method further includes applying a first debiasing voltage to the first group of word lines based on the determination that the first group of word lines are in the programmed state and applying a second debiasing voltage to the second group of word lines based on the determination that the second group of word lines are in the unprogrammed state.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses include determining a read counter for a portion of memory of a memory device satisfies a read threshold. A weighted subportion identifier for the portion of memory is selected in response to the read counter satisfying the threshold. The weighted subportion identifier is selected probabilistically, a probability of selection based on defectivity information for subportions of memory of the portion of memory. A subportion of memory is determined using the weighted subportion identifier. A data validity scan is performed on the subportion of memory.

Abstract: The disclosure belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy, and provides a method for preparing an aluminum-based tubular target. The method includes: sleeve assembly, raw material mixing, powder filling, sleeve degassing, hot isostatic pressing, and finished product processing.

Abstract: This application relates to solid forms and salt forms of the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor 4,4?-(((((2,2?-dichloro-[1,1?-biphenyl]-3,3?-diyl)bis(azanediyl))bis(carbonyl))bis(1-methyl-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-2,5-diyl))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid), including processes of preparation thereof, where the solid forms and salt forms are useful in the treatment of various diseases including infectious diseases and cancer.

Abstract: Provided is a preparation method of a detector material. The present disclosure epitaxially grows a buffer layer on a surface of a gallium arsenide substrate, deposits a silicon dioxide layer on the buffer layer, and etches the silicon dioxide layer on the buffer layer according to a strip pattern by photolithography and etching to form strip growth regions with continuous changes in width. Finally, a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technology is used to epitaxially grow the detector material in the strip growth regions under set epitaxy growth conditions. Because of the same mobility of atoms arriving at the surface of the substrate, numbers of atoms migrating to the strip growth regions are different due to different widths of the strip growth regions, such that compositions of the material change with the widths of the strip growth regions or a layer thickness changes with the widths of the strip growth regions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a packaged condom comprising a sealed package and, within the package, a condom comprising natural rubber latex and/or synthetic polyisoprene, wherein the condom comprises, on one or more surfaces thereof and in contact with the natural rubber latex and/or synthetic polyisoprene, an aqueous lubricant. The aqueous lubricant comprises a thickener and, in a total amount of from 5 to 25% by weight of the lubricant, one or more organic compounds independently selected from the group consisting of a polyhydric alcohol and a sugar, each of said one or more organic compounds having at least 4 hydroxyl groups and a molecular weight of from 120 to 10000.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to systems and methods for utilizing hysteresis as a mechanism of analysis of a sample. A system for analyzing a fluid sample is included having a controller circuit and a chemical sensor element. The chemical sensor element can include one or more discrete binding detectors that can include one or more graphene varactors. The system can include measurement circuitry having an electrical voltage generator configured to generate an applied voltage at a plurality of voltage values to be applied to the one or more graphene varactors. The system can include a measurement circuit having a capacitance sensor configured to measure capacitance of the discrete binding detectors resulting from the applied voltage. The system for analyzing the fluid sample can be configured to measure hysteresis effects related to capacitance versus voltage values obtained from the one or more graphene varactors. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate to methods and systems for applying a transfer material layer to graphene during a graphene fabrication process. In an embodiment, a method of producing a graphene sensor element is included. The method includes forming a graphene layer on a growth substrate and applying a fluoropolymer coating layer over the graphene layer. The method includes removing the growth substrate and transferring the graphene and fluoropolymer coating layers onto a transfer substrate, where the graphene layer is disposed on the transfer substrate and the fluoropolymer layer is disposed on the graphene layer. The method also includes removing the fluoropolymer coating layer. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: A wafer coating system includes a wafer chuck, a flowing insulating material sprayer and a wafer tilting lifting pin. The wafer chuck has a carrier part and a rotating part, which the carrier part is mounted on the rotating part to carry a wafer, and the rotating part is configured to rotate with a predetermined axis. The flowing insulating material sprayer is above the wafer chuck and configured to spray a flowing insulating material to the wafer, and the wafer tilting lifting pin is configured to form a first acute angle between the wafer and direction of gravity.

Abstract: A wafer coating system includes a wafer chuck, a flowing insulating material sprayer and a wafer tilting lifting pin. The wafer chuck has a carrier part and a rotating part, which the carrier part is mounted on the rotating part to carry a wafer, and the rotating part is configured to rotate with a predetermined axis. The flowing insulating material sprayer is above the wafer chuck and configured to spray a flowing insulating material to the wafer, and the wafer tilting lifting pin is configured to form a first acute angle between the wafer and direction of gravity.