Abstract: Dynamic Digital Modulation obtains thermal image data on active semiconductor devices with sufficient sensitivity to be used in situ with packaged devices. These techniques can be applied to dynamic failures, but can also produce quantitative data of actual power dissipation as the device is placed into different operational modes. The thermal image results can be analyzed to assist in thermal management and assessing reliability and failure analysis issues in semiconductor devices.

Abstract: Dynamic Digital Modulation obtains thermal image data on active semiconductor devices with sufficient sensitivity to be used in situ with packaged devices. These techniques can be applied to dynamic failures, but can also produce quantitative data of actual power dissipation as the device is placed into different operational modes. The thermal image results can be analyzed to assist in thermal management and assessing reliability and failure analysis issues in semiconductor devices.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring the condition of equipment in a manufacturing plant or other facility. A computing node is attached to each piece of equipment under consideration. Each node gathers relevant information from the machine using sensors and is capable of determining the condition of the machine from a preexisting set of possible conditions, using only the information obtained from the sensors. Each node is thus entirely self-sufficient, in that it requires no interaction with a global controller or with other nodes in order to make a decision about the condition of the equipment, and does not necessarily require any information about the past history of the equipment. The nodes are capable of communicating the condition of their corresponding equipment to key maintenance or other personnel, potentially via a wireless network to a convenient wireless-capable device such as a cellular phone or laptop.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detection of human fat metabolism byproducts and analysis of the detection for optimizing dietary results. The present invention includes a compact opto-electronic based sensor to significantly increase (factor of 20 or more) the accuracy and minimal detection limits for a standard ketone test strip.

Abstract: A lamp that produces an infinitely variable range of time, space, and color patterns. The lamp includes a plurality of colored light sources that produce light in at least two different visual spectrums, a single modulation device that generates a modulation scheme for each of the plurality of light sources, a display screen, and a mask that masks off at least a portion of light illuminating the display screen. The generated modulation scheme is produced at a predefined intensity level. A controller selectively alters delivery of the modulation scheme to each of the plurality of light sources. A first switch allows a user to select one of a plurality of modulation schemes. A second switch allows a user to alter the predefined intensity level. A third switch allows a user to select one of a plurality of modulation rates.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing an integrated circuit to which one or more test signals are applied. An example apparatus includes an objective lens that views reflections from the integrated circuit, a device that houses at least two optical fibers, a component that receives reflections from the objective lens and directs the received reflections to the device, and a photo-diode that receives a reflection received by the device. The apparatus includes a beam splitter that directs reflections from the integrated circuit to a detector. A processing device generates an image signal based on a signal received from the detector and a display outputs an image based on the image signal. The component includes a scan mirror that reflects the collimated reflections to a collimating lens that focuses the reflections from the scan mirror toward the device.

Abstract: A large, thin, variable focus lens that would be practical in a variety of applications, such as eyeglasses. An example of the present invention is a surface that can be deformed to a desirable shape in a simple, controllable fashion. In particular, a surface shape with desirable optical properties is achievable. The surface has the ability to produce a reflective or refractive surface with a variable optical power.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing an integrated circuit to which one or more test signals are applied. An example apparatus includes an objective lens that views reflections from the integrated circuit, a device that houses at least two optical fibers, a component that receives reflections from the objective lens and directs the received reflections to the device, and a photo-diode that receives a reflection received by the device. The apparatus includes a beam splitter that directs reflections from the integrated circuit to a detector. A processing device generates an image signal based on a signal received from the detector and a display outputs an image based on the image signal. The component includes a scan mirror that reflects the collimated reflections to a collimating lens that focuses the reflections from the scan mirror toward the device.

Abstract: A differential calorimeter device for detection of one or more predefined chemicals. An example device includes an integrating device having an absorbing layer. Optical sources send beams of differing color light at the absorbing layer. An optical detector detects intensity of light reflected off of the absorbing layer and a processor detects presence of the predefined chemicals based on the detected intensity of light associated with the optical sources. The absorbing layer changes color in response to one of said one or more predefined chemicals. One of the optical sources has a color corresponding to the color change in the absorbing layer and another one of the optical sources does not have a color corresponding to the color change in the absorbing layer.

Abstract: A large, thin, variable focus lens that would be practical in a variety of applications, such as eyeglasses. An example of the present invention is a surface that can be deformed to a desirable shape in a simple, controllable fashion. In particular, a surface shape with desirable optical properties is achievable. The surface has the ability to produce a reflective or refractive surface with a variable optical power.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for internally correcting spherical aberration in a scanning imaging system. An example scanning imaging system includes an objective that converges an optical beam received from an external source through a flat plate onto an object and a component that corrects the optical beam for spherical aberration that is produced by the flat plate. The component includes a plurality of lenses that perform cancellation of the spherical aberration produced by the flat plate. The plurality of lenses acts as an afocal element. In another aspect of the invention, the component transforms the received optical beam into an annulus by partially blocking the optical beam. The component that blocks the optical beam includes a holographic element or a catadioptric element.

Abstract: An optical beam (2) passes through a polarizer (10), a target (24), an analyzer (20) and onto a camera (22) where a plurality of images are formed. The images are digitized by a frame grabber (30) and processed by a general purpose computer (32) to form electric field images of the target.

Abstract: An avalanche semiconductor switch device utilizes trigger input. The integrated trigger input is a charge carrier injector which injects charge carriers directly into the avalanche semiconductor switch device. The avalanche semiconductor switch device includes: an active, semi-insulating layer; an anode; a cathode; and an injector disposed on the anode contact. The injector serves to switch the device into a state of very high conductance when a positive bias is applied to the injector. The integrated trigger input allows low power optical sources to be used with the avalanche semiconductor switch device further back in the trigger chain. The injector may inject holes or electrons. The injector may be integrated on one side of the substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for image analysis utilizing an optical-electronic hybrid device. A light source generates light through an alternating series of lenses and electronically addressable spatial light modulators to an optical correlation plane. A first modulator introduces an input image and a second modulator introduces a Fourier transformed reference image into the device. The device correlates the input image and the reference image in the optical correlation plane. The optical correlation plane feeds back information through a processor to the second modulator which varies a parameter of the reference image. The second modulator varies parameters to determine the greatest correlation between the input image and the reference image. The parameters at the point of greatest correlation are used together with the reference image to identify the input image.

Abstract: A programmable optical arithmetic/logic device employs a first and second plurality of positionally encoded optical light paths. For arithmetic operations, these light paths represent residue numbers. The arithmetic/logic device includes first and second reordering units which are responsive to a third and fourth plurality of light sources serving to select one of a plurality of arithmetic or logic operations to be performed by the arithmetic/logic device. The arithmetic/logic device further employs an optical arithmetic/logic unit which is identically constructed for all of the selectable arithmetic/logic operations and which implements an optical table look-up function to obtain the desired output. Finally, the arithmetic/logic device used an output reordering device to reorder the output of the arithmetic/logic unit depending upon the originally selected arithmetic/logic operation. For arithmetic operations, the final output is provided as an output residue number representation.

Abstract: An optical arithmetic comparator (OAC) is disclosed which is capable of comparing multiple numbers simultaneously, and indicating the common value of the multiple numbers being compared if the numbers are equal. The OAC includes at least two input channels each having a plurality of sources arranged in an identical pattern, the sources being capable of selective activation such that only one source is activated at a time within each of the channels to form a specific spatial light pattern, and a detector array which determines if the specific spatial light pattern indicated the numbers being compared are equal.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is disclosed in which a long interaction path length is provided for a non-invasive probe beam. In a preferred embodiment, mirror surfaces are etched in the surface of the semiconductor substrate which are used to reflect the probe beam along the longest dimension of a charge carrier region of the semiconductor device. Interaction between the probe beam and the charge carriers present in the region is thereby enhanced.

Abstract: An encryption and decryption system performs encryption and decryption using the residue number system. A binary input signal is converted into residue number system representation in a binary to residue converter. Pseudo random numbers, generated from pseudo random number generators, are then added to the converted input signal in modular, that is, residue number system, adders. The outputs of the modular adders are converted into binary or mixed radix digit representation and are then transmitted to the location of a decrypter. The transmitted binary or mixed radix digit signal is converted back into residue number system representation in another converter and is then decrypted by subtracting the pseudo random number sequence. This decrypted signal is then converted into binary representation. The binary representation of the decrypted signal resembles the input signal.

Abstract: The invention comprises a semiconductor substrate with a plurality of photoconductive elements. The photoconductive elements are connected to form a combinational logic ripple carry adder having only AND and OR logic gates. An optic substrate overlies the semiconductor substrate and directs light representing logic parameters onto the logic gates. The ripple carry adder has complementary inputs and complementary outputs to enable the use of only AND and OR gates.

Abstract: An optical computer arithmetic/logic unit using coherence multiplexing. A optical signal input into the device is distributed down two input channels. Each input channel contains different length optical fibers, or delay lines. To perform an operation, one delay line signal from each channel is selected. The two signals with their respective delays are multiplexed into output detectors which determine from optical interference the difference between the delay line lengths. The input from each channel coupled with the detected output can be set to perform residue arithmetic, or Boolean logic.