Abstract: A PTC heating element has a casing that joins as a unit at least one PTC element, conductor paths electrically connected to the PTC element, and insulating layers bearing, in a heat-conductive manner against the PTC element. The PTC heating element also has contact strips which project over itself and which are electrically conductively connected to the conductor paths for energizing the PTC element with different polarities. The casing forms a receptacle space that receives the PTC element, the conductor paths, and the insulating layers. In order to improve heat decoupling from the PTC element, the receptacle, in a cross-sectional view, is defined by two oppositely disposed inner surfaces covering the PTC element and concave cavities, adjoining the inner surfaces and forming the longitudinal edges of the casing, the diameter of which is greater than the distance between the inner surfaces. The electric heating device has at least one PTC heating element arranged in a circulation chamber.

Abstract: A PTC heating device has a heating cell with at least one PTC element and conductor elements provided on opposite sides of the PTC element. The conduct elements form contact surfaces for the electrical contacting of the PTC elements, are electrically connected to the PTC element, and are to be assigned different polarities. The conductor elements also are provided with an electrical insulation on their side opposite the PTC element. A metallic housing which accommodates the heating cell is connected to the insulation in a heat-conducting manner Each of the conductor elements is provided with at least one through-hole by which the electrically conductive surface of the conductor elements is reduced.

Abstract: A PTC heating device has contact surfaces formed by a metallization, and also has first and second contact elements which are to be assigned different polarity and which are electrically contacted with the contact surfaces. Both of the first and second contact surfaces are circumferentially sealed by a frame that follows the contour of the respective contact surface and that is made of an electrically non-conductive adhesive coating. In the method of making the PTC heating device, the contact surfaces of the PTC element are contacted in an electrically conductive manner with the two contact elements, each of which has a strand an electrically non-conductive adhesive coating following the contour of the contact surfaces. During this contacting, the adhesive coating is displaced in such a manner that both contact surfaces are circumferentially sealed by a frame formed by the adhesive coating.

Abstract: An electric heating assembly of an electric heating device includes a metal housing which forms a pocket in which at least one PTC element, contact sheets abutting surfaces of the PTC element and insulating layers which are arranged between the contact sheets and inner surfaces of the pocket. The contact sheets each have contact projections which project in the direction of one of the contact surfaces of the PTC element and are surrounded by an adhesive which connects the contact sheet to the PTC element. In order to improve heat extraction from the electrical contact of the PTC element, front end regions of the contact projections abutting against the PTC element are plastically deformed against the surface of the PTC element. Also disclosed is a method of making a heating device.

Abstract: A PTC heating device for introduction into a receiving pocket of an electric heating device includes at least one PTC element, a conductor track that is electrically connected to the PTC element, and insulating layers that are abutted in a thermally conductive manner against the PTC element. A frame-shaped casing joins the at least one PTC element, the conductor track, and the insulating layers as a unit. The frame-shaped casing has a leading frame member with elastic guide tabs which, in an initial assembly state, project on oppositely disposed sides of the frame-shaped casing over the heat-emitting open surface respectively associated with them, which are inclined obliquely from the leading frame member in a direction of the open surface, and which are elastically pivotable. During heating device assembly, the PTC heating device is centered and guided by the elastic guide tabs when introduced into a heating rib of a heating chamber.

Abstract: An electrical heating device for a motor vehicle has a housing which encloses a circulation chamber. The housing has inlet and outlet openings for a medium to be heated which communicate with the circulation chamber. An electrically insulated PTC element projects into the circulation chamber and is electrically conductively connected to conductor elements leading to connections of different polarity. The housing forms a connection chamber in which the connections to the PTC element are electrically connected. The connection chamber and the circulation chamber are separated from one another and are sealed against each other. A a flat tube is curved in a U-shape for a good heat discharge. The flat tube has opposite legs which each contain at least one PCT element and against which rests at least one heat-emitting element which is exposed in the circulation chamber.

Abstract: An electrical heating device for a motor vehicle has a housing which encloses a circulation chamber, The housing has inlet and outlet openings for a medium to be heated which communicate with the circulation chamber. An electrically insulated PTC element projects into the circulation chamber and is electrically conductively connected to conductor elements leading to connections of different polarity, The housing forms a connection chamber in which the connections to the PTC element are electrically connected. The connection chamber and the circulation chamber are separated from one another and are sealed against each other. A flat tube is curved in a U-shape for a good heat discharge. The flat tube has opposite legs which each contain at least one PCT element and against which rests at least one heat-emitting element which is exposed in the circulation chamber.

Abstract: A heat-generating element of an electric heating device includes a PTC element, conductor tracks abutting surfaces of the PTC element, and an adhesive which connects the conductor tracks to the PTC element. The conductor track has several contact projections which protrude from an abutment surface of the conductor tracks. The contact projections form a contact surface which abuts the surface in an electrically conductive manner with a free space between the surface and the abutment surface, in which the adhesive is accommodated. Also disclosed is a method in which the contact projections are formed from initially planar conductor track, an adhesive is applied to the abutment surface between the contact projections, a masking covering the contact surfaces is removed, and the conductor track is glued to a PTC element with the adhesive accommodated between the surface and the abutment surface.

Abstract: A PTC heating device for introduction into a receiving pocket of an electric heating device includes at least one PTC element, a conductor track that is electrically connected to the PTC element, and insulating layers that are abutted in a thermally conductive manner against the PTC element. A frame-shaped casing joins the at least one PTC element, the conductor track, and the insulating layers as a unit. The frame-shaped casing has a leading frame member with elastic guide tabs which, in an initial assembly state, project on oppositely disposed sides of the frame-shaped casing over the heat-emitting open surface respectively associated with them, which are inclined obliquely from the leading frame member in a direction of the open surface, and which are elastically pivotable. During heating device assembly, the PTC heating device is centered and guided by the elastic guide tabs when introduced into a heating rib of a heating chamber.

Abstract: A PTC heating element has a casing that joins as a unit at least one PTC element, conductor paths electrically connected to the PTC element, and insulating layers bearing, in a heat-conductive manner against the PTC element. The PTC heating element also has contact strips which project over itself and which are electrically conductively connected to the conductor paths for energizing the PTC element with different polarities. The casing forms a receptacle space that receives the PTC element, the conductor paths, and the insulating layers. In order to improve heat decoupling from the PTC element, the receptacle, in a cross-sectional view, is defined by two oppositely disposed inner surfaces covering the PTC element and concave cavities, adjoining the inner surfaces and forming the longitudinal edges of the casing, the diameter of which is greater than the distance between the inner surfaces. The electric heating device has at least one PTC heating element arranged in a circulation chamber.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to bullet-resistant laminated glass having at least three sheets of glass. One of the sheets of glass faces the impact side as a cover sheet, and one sheet of glass is formed as a closure sheet facing away from the impact side. Between the cover sheet and the closure sheet, one or more intermediate sheets are disposed, these sheets of glass being connected to each other by composite layers. The composite layers are formed by flexible and dimensionally unstable films and/or cast compounds. The composite layers do not consist of polycarbonate, polyurethane or polymethylmethacrylate. In order to prevent splinter output on the rear side, this glass composite has a closure sheet on the rear side consisting of thermally or chemically prestressed glass.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to bullet-resistant laminated glass having at least three sheets of glass. One of the sheets of glass faces the impact side as a cover sheet, and one sheet of glass is formed as a closure sheet facing away from the impact side. Between the cover sheet and the closure sheet, one or more intermediate sheets are disposed, these sheets of glass being connected to each other by composite layers. The composite layers are formed by flexible and dimensionally unstable films and/or cast compounds. The composite layers do not consist of polycarbonate, polyurethane or polymethylmethacrylate. In order to prevent splinter output on the rear side, this glass composite has a closure sheet on the rear side consisting of thermally or chemically prestressed glass.

Abstract: The transparent fire-resistant glazing has at least two glass or glass ceramic panes with a gap between them, which is filled with a UV-cured material. It is made by curing a UV-curable material filling the gap with UV radiation. The UV-curable material includes polymerizable components, namely a monomer with acrylate functionality and an oligomer, and at least one bromine-containing flame retardant. The fire retardant can be a polybrominated diphenyl ether, a brominated alcohol, or a polybrominated cycloalkane, and/or a mixtures thereof. The glazing is made by a process in which the panes are cleaned and masked to form the gap between them, the UV-curable material is filled into the gap and then cured with the UV radiation.

Abstract: The transparent fire-resistant glazing has at least two glass or glass ceramic panes with a gap between them, which is filled with a UV-cured material. It is made by curing a UV-curable material filling the gap with UV radiation. The UV-curable material includes polymerizable components, namely a monomer with acrylate functionality and an oligomer, and at least one bromine-containing flame retardant. The fire retardant can be a polybrominated diphenyl ether, a brominated alcohol, or a polybrominated cycloalkane, and/or a mixtures thereof. The glazing is made by a process in which the panes are cleaned and masked to form the gap between them, the UV-curable material is filled into the gap and then cured with the UV radiation.

Abstract: The transparent fire-resistant glazing has at least two glass or glass ceramic panes with a gap between them, which is filed with a UV-cured material made by curing a UV-curable material with UV radiation. The UV-curable material includes at least one bromine-containing flame retardant, which is a polybrominated diphenyl ether, a brominated alcohol, or a polybrominated cycloalkane, and/or a mixtures thereof. The glazing is made by a process in which the panes are cleaned and masked so that there is a gap between them, the UV-curable material is filled into the gap and then cured with UV radiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to transparent fire-resistant glass elements made from at least two panes, wherein a layer made from a UV-curable material is arranged between each of said panes, to a method for the production thereof and to the use thereof as multiple glass elements in mobile units such as doors and windows or fixed as elements of walls or façades.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fire protection system consisting of a first fire protection barrier in the form of a fire protection glass pane provided with preferably monolithic glass panels (1), and a device (2) for spraying water in the form of a water spray haze (7), in front of the fire protection glass pane. The inventive fire protection system ensures, in the event of a fire, that an additional transparent fire protection barrier is provided, that heat and smoke in the room (4) swept through by the fire mix together, and that exposed escape routes, inter alia, are thus protected from dangerous heat radiation (9). The inventive fire protection system can be used in very different fields of application, e.g. for interior glass panes or screens.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fire protection system consisting of a first fire protection barrier in the form of a fire protection glass pane provided with preferably monolithic glass panels (1), and a device (2) for spraying water in the form of a water spray haze (7), in front of the fire protection glass pane. The inventive fire protection system ensures, in the event of a fire, that an additional transparent fire protection barrier is provided, that heat and smoke in the room (4) swept through by the fire mix together, and that exposed escape routes, inter alia, are thus protected from dangerous heat radiation (9). The inventive fire protection system can be used in very different fields of application, e.g. for interior glass panes or screens.

Abstract: The fire-resistant window of fire resistance class E according to DIN EN 357 has a window frame system (1, 6) and at least one thermally or chemically pre-stressed monolithic fire-resistant glass pane (2) mounted in the window frame system (1, 6). The at least one thermally or chemically pre-stressed monolithic fire-resistant glass pane (2) is made of a high-temperature-melting aluminosilicate glass with a softening point (log ?=7.6) above 875° C., wherein ? is the viscosity, and with a bending strength of over 100 N/mm2. The glass pane (2) is also substantially impermeable to ultraviolet radiation.