Abstract: A thermionic optical emission device employs a two dimensional array of thermionic elements to excite a display material, such as a phosphor coating, thus producing the image viewed by an observer. Each pixel of the desired display corresponds to the electron emissions of thermionic elements. Each pixel may correspond to less than 1 or more than 1000 thermionic elements. In color displays, each pixel of the desired display includes an area of red phosphor, blue phosphor, and green phosphor.

Abstract: An integrated circuit vacuum tube array includes an insulating or highly resistive substrate, electrically conductive materials disposed on the substrate to define and surround a plurality of first voids extending from the substrate upwardly through the material, a plurality of cathodes disposed on the material to bridge over the respective first voids, for emitting electrons when heated by circuitry that selectively heats the cathodes, first electrically resistive material disposed on the electrically conductive material to surround the cathodes and define a plurality of second voids thereabove, an electrically conductive grid disposed on the electrically resistive material to project partially into the second voids to define an opening in the grid above each cathode, for allowing the passage of electrons therethrough, circuitry to selectively apply a voltage to the grid to control electron flow and thereby control the electrical current produced at the anodes, second electrically resistive material disposed

Abstract: A radio frequency millimeter-wave signal antenna and mixer system includes a dielectric substrate having a generally planar upper surface, and a ground-plane layer of conductive material disposed below the upper surface. This ground plane layer includes a plurality of spaced-apart low conductivity sections or windows to allow passage therethrough of radio frequency signals received at a surface of the substrate. A plurality of antennae are disposed on the upper surface of the substrate, with each antenna being positioned over a respective one of the windows in the ground-plane layer. A plurality of mixers are also disposed on the upper surface of the substrate, each adjacent a respective antenna for receiving radio frequency signals therefrom and for producing intermediate frequency signals.