Abstract: A fuel-cell stack includes a proton-exchange membrane, a first electrode, a second electrode, a first current-collecting metal plate, a first gas diffusion layer, and first and second layers that contact each other. The first electrode and second electrodes are fixed on corresponding sides of the membrane. The first gas diffusion layer is interposed between the first current-collecting plate and the second electrode. The first layer is fixed on the first current-collecting plate, while the second layer is fixed to the first gas diffusion layer. Both layers include a polyurethane matrix containing conductive fillers. The second layer makes contact with the first layer.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrochemical system, such as a fuel cell, is formed by an active layer including: pores; at least one catalyst; at least one ionomer; and electrically-conductive particles. The catalyst content per pore ranges between 30 and 500 mg/cm3 with respect to the pore volume.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a security element (1), comprising: an optical system, comprising: a transparent or translucent substrate (2), on the side of a first surface (2a, 2b) of the substrate (2) is a combined image (I) comprising a plurality of encoded interleaved images (I1), a exposing screen (4) placed on top of the combined image, enabling the encoded images (I1) to be observed during a change in the direction of observing the security element (1) relative to the optical system, the exposing screen (4) being: located on the side of the first surface (2a, 2b), the combined image then being located between the exposing screen (4) and the substrate (2), in which case the security element (1) comprises, on the side of the second surface (2a, 2b), a reflective surface that enables the encoded images (I1) to be observed through exposing screen (4).

Abstract: A method for fabricating a membrane-electrode assembly having a proton-exchange membrane includes supplying a proton-exchange membrane, depositing cathodic electrocatalytic ink on a first face of a first gas diffusion layer, assembling the proton-exchange membrane with the first gas diffusion layer, including securing the first face of the first gas diffusion layer with a first face of the proton-exchange membrane, depositing anodic electrocatalytic ink on a second face of the proton-exchange membrane, the second face being opposite the first face, and assembling the second gas diffusion layer with the membrane, including securing a second face thereof with a first face of the second gas diffusion layer.

Abstract: A metallic plate for a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) having, on at least one of its surfaces, a coating including: conductive material fillers; a polymer used as a binder; and a metal cation absorbing compound.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes three membrane-electrode assemblies. and first and second bipolar metal plates interposed between the membrane-electrode assemblies. Each of the bipolar plates comprises two metal sheets facing a respective membrane-electrode assembly and fixedly attached by welds. The two metal sheets comprise successive guiding channels for guiding gas extending in a common longitudinal direction. The guiding channels are distributed in a transversal direction The welds are made in bottoms of the guiding channel and include welds of the first bipolar plate and welds of the second bipolar plate. Some of the welds of the first bipolar plate are not superimposed on the welds of the second bipolar plate and are offset longitudinally and transversally relative to the welds of the second bipolar plate.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a proton-exchange membrane, and a cathode and anode fixed on its opposite sides. The anode delimits a flow conduit between a molecular-oxygen inlet area and a water outlet area. The cathode includes a support for catalyst material. The support has first and second materials to which catalyst is fixed, the first material being a graphitized material. The second material has a resistance to corrosion by oxygen that is greater than that of the first material. A quantity of the second material at the inlet area is greater than a quantity of the second material at the water outlet. The cathode comprises a first layer including the first material and a second layer including the second material. A thickness of the second layer decreases between the molecular-oxygen inlet area and the water outlet area.

Abstract: A method of deposition, by drop-on-demand inkjet printing, of the catalytic layer of a fuel cell comprising the deposition, on a printing surface, of an ink generating substantially circular structures comprising a bead at their periphery.

Abstract: A fuel cell having a proton-exchange membrane, an anode, and a cathode. The anode and cathode are fixed on opposing sides of the proton-exchange membrane. The anode demarcates a flow conduit between a molecular-hydrogen inlet area and a molecular-hydrogen outlet area. A quantity of catalyst at the molecular-hydrogen outlet area is smaller than a quantity of catalyst at the molecular-hydrogen inlet area. The anode also has a thickness that decreases continuously between the molecular-hydrogen inlet and outlet areas.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a fuel cell includes fixedly attaching a reinforcement to a proton-exchange membrane and to an electrode placed against a first face of the proton-exchange membrane. The reinforcement has a median aperture through which an interior portion of the electrode is exposed. Fixedly attaching the reinforcement includes superimposing an inner edge of the reinforcement over a periphery of the electrode, and causing a projecting portion of the reinforcement to project the proton-exchange membrane so as to limit gas permeation into the proton-exchange membrane, and forming filigrees by a wet process in a gas diffusion layer, thereby forming a recess therein, and placing the gas diffusion layer so that the inner edge of the reinforcement extends into the recess in the gas diffusion layer.

Abstract: A fuel-cell stack includes a proton-exchange membrane, a first electrode, a second electrode, a first current-collecting metal plate, a first gas diffusion layer, and first and second layers that contact each other. The first electrode and second electrodes are fixed on corresponding sides of the membrane. The first gas diffusion layer is interposed between the first current-collecting plate and the second electrode. The first layer is fixed on the first current-collecting plate, while the second layer is fixed to the first gas diffusion layer. Both layers include a polyurethane matrix containing conductive fillers. The second layer makes contact with the first layer.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrochemical system, such as a fuel cell, is formed by an active layer including: pores; at least one catalyst; at least one ionomer; and electrically-conductive particles. The catalyst content per pore ranges between 30 and 500 mg/cm3 with respect to the pore volume.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a security element (1), comprising: an optical system, comprising: a transparent or translucent substrate (2), on the side of a first surface (2a, 2b) of the substrate (2) is a combined image (I) comprising a plurality of encoded interleaved images (I1), a exposing screen (4) placed on top of the combined image, enabling the encoded images (I1) to be observed during a change in the direction of observing the security element (1) relative to the optical system, the exposing screen (4) being: located on the side of the first surface (2a, 2b), the combined image then being located between the exposing screen (4) and the substrate (2), in which case the security element (1) comprises, on the side of the second surface (2a, 2b), a reflective surface that enables the encoded images (I1) to be observed through exposing screen (4).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a security element (1), comprising: an optical system, comprising: a transparent or translucent substrate (2), on the side of a first surface (2a, 2b) of the substrate (2) is a combined image (I) comprising a plurality of encoded interleaved images (II), a exposing screen (4) placed on top of the combined image, enabling the encoded images (I1) to be observed during a change in the direction of observing the security element (1) relative to the optical system, the exposing screen (4) being: located on the side of the first surface (2a, 2b), the combined image then being located between the exposing screen (4) and the substrate (2), in which case the security element (1) comprises, on the side of the second surface (2a, 2b), a reflective surface that enables the encoded images (I1) to be observed through exposing screen (4).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a security article, in particular a security document, comprising a security element (1) that comprises an optical system, comprising: a transparent or translucent substrate (2); on the side of a first surface (2a, 2b) of the substrate (2), a combined image comprising a plurality of encoded interleaved images (II); on the side of second surface (2a, 2b) of the substrate (2), opposite the first, an exposing screen (4) placed on top of the combined image, which enables the encoded images (Ii) to be observed during a change in the direction of observing the security element (1) relative to the optical system, wherein the encoded images (II) are observable from the side of the first surface and from the side of the second surface of the substrate (2).

Abstract: A system and method is presented that leverages independent innovation in entertainment content and graphics hardware. In this system and method, the current image generation run-time application is replaced with a new framework defining the connectivity, features, and behavior necessary to implement a graphics system. All this takes place in the context of a software platform utilizing a late-integration mechanism that dynamically integrates the various real-time components in a run-time application. Ultimately displacing hardware as the central focus of development efforts, this software platform functionally is the graphics application, at least as viewed by the simulation host computer, database developers, and those responsible for visual system procurement and maintenance. An innovative software architecture, the Graphical Application Platform (GAP) is presented.