Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of urea sulfate or urea hydrochloride, or both, in process streams in the paper and pulping industries to control pH, to bring about flocculation or precipitation of various materials, and to replace all or part of the sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and/or papermaking alum used in the paper and pulping industries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for lowering the pH of leather processing solutions by adding a pH reduction agent that is urea sulfate, urea hydrochloride, triethanolamine hydrochloride, or triethanolamine sulfate as a replacement for conventional pH lowering acids, such as sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, etc. The invention may be used with respect to any leather processing step that requires pH adjustment, including deliming, pickling, tanning, dyeing, finishing, and retanning. The pH lowering method of the invention results in safer handling, more environmentally acceptable effluents, and decreased corrosion of process equipment.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaustion agent, which is an aqueous emulsion of polymerized monomers, wherein the monomers contain: (meth)acrylic acid (MAA); alkyl (meth)acrylate, such as methyl (meth)acrylate (MMA); and a substituted or unsubstituted styrene; and having an average particle size of the emulsified particles is less than about 220 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaustion agent, which is an aqueous emulsion of polymerized monomers, wherein the monomers contain:

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for lowering the pH of leather processing solutions by adding a pH reduction agent that is urea sulfate, urea hydrochloride, triethanolamine hydrochloride, or triethanolamine sulfate as a replacement for conventional pH lowering acids, such as sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, etc. The invention may be used with respect to any leather processing step that requires pH adjustment, including deliming, pickling, tanning, dyeing, finishing, and retanning. The pH lowering method of the invention results in safer handling, more environmentally acceptable effluents, and decreased corrosion of process equipment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for adjusting the pH of water in swimming pools or hot tubs or in drinking water by adding to the water an effective amount of a salt of urea and hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: A method for the adjustment of pH in textile processing or other solutions, including recreational waters, that includes the use of urea sulfate or its equivalent.

Abstract: A method to remove the build-up of water-insoluble metal salts on surfaces, and a method to lower the solids content of industrial liquids that contain water-insoluble metal salts using urea hydrochloride or its equivalent. Also disclosed is a method to use urea hydrochloride or an equivalent strong acid/weak base salt as acid replacements for a variety of purposes.

Abstract: Novel polyacrylic acid resins are prepared by polymerizing a monomer selected from the group consisting of H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHCO.sub.2 X, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CO.sub.2 X, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CHCO.sub.2 X, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CO.sub.2 X, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CHCOX, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHCOX, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 COX, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 COX, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHCSO.sub.v X, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CHCSO.sub.v X, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CSO.sub.v X, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CSO.sub.v X, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHCON(R.sup.3).sub.2, HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CHCON(R.sup.3).sub.2, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CON(R.sup.3).sub.2, OR HR.sup.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 CON(R.sup.3).sub.2, or a combination thereof, in the presence of at least 10% by weight of reaction components of an aromatic sulfonic acid or its salt, wherein:R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, aromatic, aralkyl or alkaryl moiety of C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 ;R.sup.

Abstract: A method for the adjustment of pH in textile processing solutions that includes the use of urea sulfate or other strong acid in the presence of a weak base.

Abstract: Permanently soil resistant polymeric compositions that have fluorochemical dispersed throughout the polymer are prepared by melt extrusion of the fluorochemical with the desired polymer. Preferred polymers for extrusion with the fluorochemical are polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyamide.

Abstract: Permanently soil resistant polymeric compositions that have fluorochemical dispersed throughout the polymer are prepared by melt extrusion of the fluorochemical with the desired polymer. Preferred polymers for extrusion with the fluorochemical are polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyamide.

Abstract: A method for the adjustment of pH in textile processing solutions that includes the use of urea sulfate or other strong acid in the presence of a weak base.