Abstract: The Moringa oleifera nanoparticles may be synthesized by harvesting Moringa leaves, drying the Moringa leaves, powdering the dried Moringa leaves, suspending the powdered Moringa leaves in a solution, and spraying the solution into boiling water under ultrasonic conditions to obtain Moringa nanoparticles. The Moringa nanoparticles may be encapsulated by dissolving the Moringa nanoparticles and gum olibanum in ethanol to produce a mixture, injecting the inert organic phase of the mixture into an aqueous solution containing PVA, and homogenizing the aqueous solution. The Moringa nanoparticles may be useful in preventing the growth of cancer cells and in treating diabetes by inhibiting ?-glucosidase and/or ?-amylase activity.

Abstract: The mustard seed nanoparticles may be synthesized by washing mustard seeds, drying and crushing the washed mustard seeds, extracting the crushed mustard seeds to produce a mustard seed extract, spraying the mustard seed extract into boiling water, sonicating the mustard seed extract and boiling water mixture, and centrifuging the mustard seed extract and boiling water mixture to obtain mustard seed nanoparticles. The mustard seed nanoparticles may be used in a pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: A method of producing silica nanoparticles using sand can include mixing white sand with H2SO4 and H3PO4 to form a mixture. The mixture can be stirred in an ice bath. KMnO4 can then be added to the mixture while maintaining the temperature of the mixture below 5° C. The resulting suspension can be reacted for about 3 hours to about 5 hours on ice. The suspension is stirred in an ice bath and then maintained in a water bath at a temperature of 40° C. for about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes. Afterwards, the temperature is adjusted to and maintained at 98° C. for another period of about 90 minutes to about 120 minutes while adding water. H2O2 can be added to the suspension after adding the water to produce a reaction product with a precipitate. The reaction product can then be dried and calcinated to provide the silica nanoparticles.

Abstract: A method of preparing probiotic nanoparticles can include dissolving formulated probiotics in methanol, spraying the methanol solution into boiling water under ultrasonic conditions to provide a sonicated solution, and stirring the sonicated solution to obtain probiotic nanoparticles. The probiotic nanoparticles may be cluster or rod-shaped. The probiotic nanoparticles may be administered to a subject to reduce oxidative stress or to treat diseases associated with oxidative stress.