Abstract: A system and method for sublimation of water ice and/or water ice from a regolith. The system comprises a sublimation chamber under high to ultra-high vacuum into which protrudes a shield of a thermal management system. Sublimated water is collected to be further analysed or analysed in-line. For instance, cold traps can be used to trap water and transfer it to sample tube for analysis.

Abstract: A thermal management system comprising: a thermal source of low to cryogenic temperature; a heating element for heating the source; a shield adapted to exchange heat by conduction to/from a sample and to/from the source; a controller calibrated for maintaining a gradient of temperature along the shield within a pre-determined range; a vacuum sealing feedthrough comprising a thermal insulator element, the vacuum sealing feedthrough delimiting around the first interface a vacuum sealed volume so that the shield exchanges heat with the thermal source exclusively by conduction and exclusively at a first interface. An exemplary purpose for this thermal management system is the sublimation of water ice and/or water ice trapped in a regolith, and positioned in a vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A Hall probe comprising a Hall effect sensing element. The probe is capable of precisely measuring the strength of a magnetic field in high-voltage and vacuum environments.

Abstract: An electromagnet assembly suitable for mass spectrometer comprising one yoke; and two pole pieces; the pole pieces being comprised in a vacuum chamber and being separated from each other by a pole piece gap defining a passage for the charged particles to be deflected; the yoke forming a bridge over the two pole pieces thus defining a magnetic circuit. The electromagnet assembly further comprises one electrical circuit for generating a magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit, the electrical circuit being included in the yoke. The electromagnet assembly is remarkable in that the pole pieces are electrically insulated from the electrical circuit and from the yoke by first electrical insulating means and are electrically insulated from the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A Hall probe comprising a Hall effect sensing element. The probe is capable of precisely measuring the strength of a magnetic field in high-voltage and vacuum environments.

Abstract: An electromagnet assembly suitable for mass spectrometer comprising one yoke; and two pole pieces; the pole pieces being comprised in a vacuum chamber and being separated from each other by a pole piece gap defining a passage for the charged particles to be deflected; the yoke forming a bridge over the two pole pieces thus defining a magnetic circuit. The electromagnet assembly further comprises one electrical circuit for generating a magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit, the electrical circuit being included in the yoke. The electromagnet assembly is remarkable in that the pole pieces are electrically insulated from the electrical circuit and from the yoke by first electrical insulating means and are electrically insulated from the vacuum chamber.