Abstract: A turbine housing includes a volute flow passage with an inlet and an end that are spaced apart along a flow axis in a circumferential direction about an axis of rotation. The volute flow passage defines a plurality of cross sections arranged in series along the flow axis from the inlet to the end. The plurality of cross sections are taken normal to the flow axis. The plurality of cross sections have an area (A) and a centroid, and the centroid is spaced at a radial distance (R) from the axis of rotation. The volute flow passage has a sidewall angle distribution from the inlet to the end that is at least partly nonlinear. The volute flow passage has an A/R-distribution from the inlet to the end that is substantially linear. The volute flow passage has an A-distribution from the inlet to the end that is at least partly nonlinear.

Abstract: A turbine housing includes a volute flow passage with an inlet and an end that are spaced apart along a flow axis in a circumferential direction about an axis of rotation. The volute flow passage defines a plurality of cross sections arranged in series along the flow axis from the inlet to the end. The plurality of cross sections are taken normal to the flow axis. The plurality of cross sections have an area (A) and a centroid, and the centroid is spaced at a radial distance (R) from the axis of rotation. The volute flow passage has a sidewall angle distribution from the inlet to the end that is at least partly nonlinear. The volute flow passage has an A/R-distribution from the inlet to the end that is substantially linear. The volute flow passage has an A-distribution from the inlet to the end that is at least partly nonlinear.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a plurality of reciprocating pistons within an engine block, each piston having linear movement convertable to rotating movement via a connecting rod connecting each piston to a crankshaft; the crankshaft rotatable about a linear axis, the crankshaft having a plurality of main journals, each main journal rotatable on a main bearing which supports the crankshaft within the engine block; and wherein at least one of the main bearings comprises a fluid film bearing and a magnetic bearing.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a plurality of reciprocating pistons within an engine block, each piston having linear movement convertable to rotating movement via a connecting rod connecting each piston to a crankshaft; the crankshaft rotatable about a linear axis, the crankshaft having a plurality of main journals, each main journal rotatable on a main bearing which supports the crankshaft within the engine block; and wherein at least one of the main bearings comprises a fluid film bearing and a magnetic bearing.