Abstract: Methods, systems and devices are disclosed including a substrate, a computational device mounted on the substrate, with a first surface of the substrate having one or more nanoelements formed within, the one or more nanoelements having a diameter of 100 nm-5,000 nm. In some embodiments, a heat dissipator may be mounted on the substrate, the heat dissipator having at least one nanostructure, and the one or more nanoelements forming a thermal conductive pathway between the computational device and the heat dissipator.

Abstract: A method, device and system are disclosed including a substrate, a computational device mounted on the substrate, and a heat dissipator thermally coupled to the device. In some embodiments, at least one surface of the computational device has a nanostructure ceramic layer formed upon. In some embodiments, the nanostructure ceramic layer includes at least one of Al2O3, Si3N4, and BeO. In some embodiments, the at least one surface is on the substrate. In some embodiments, the at least one surface is on the heat dissipator. In some embodiments, the nanostructure ceramic layer includes at least one nanostructure with a diameter in the range of 10-5,000 nm. In some embodiments, the nanostructure ceramic layer may be a repeating pattern of nanostructured elements having uniform sizes and shapes.

Abstract: A device includes an electronic integrated circuit, the electronic integrated circuit including an optical demultiplexer and at least one photodetector optically coupled to the optical demultiplexer. The optical demultiplexer may have at least one nanostructured layer able to receive an incoming optical signal and separate the incoming optical signal into a first separated optical signal and a second separated optical signal. The device may have a first photodetector and a second photodetector, where the first photodetector may receive the first separated optical signal and the second photodetector may receive the second separated optical signal.

Abstract: Provided are systems, methods, and apparatuses for non-scattering nanostructures of silicon pixel image sensors. In one or more examples, the systems, devices, and methods include forming a metal layer on a substrate layer of the pixel, the metal layer to reflect electromagnetic radiation incident on the pixel; forming a photodetector on a silicon layer of the pixel, the photodetector to generate photoelectrons based on the electromagnetic radiation; and forming a passivation layer over the silicon layer, the passivation layer including a thin film dielectric. In one or more examples, the systems, devices, and methods include forming a nanostructure on the passivation layer, the nanostructure to allow the electromagnetic radiation to pass through the nanostructure and steer the electromagnetic radiation linearly towards the photodetector, and forming a microlens on the nanostructure, the microlens including at least one of a flat coat layer or a curved lensing layer.

Abstract: A metalens includes one or more regions of nanostructures. A first region of nanostructures directs a first field of view (FOV) of light incident on the first region of nanostructures to a first region of an image plane. A second region of nanostructures directs a second FOV of light incident on the second region of nanostructures to a second region of the image plane in which the second FOV is different from the first FOV, and the second region of the image plane is different from the first region of the image plane. A third region of nanostructures directs a third FOV of light to a third region of the image plane, in which the third FOV is different from the first FOV and the second FOV, and the third region of the image plane is different from the first region and the second region of the image plane.

Abstract: A photonic device including a filter comprising an electrically switchable array, wherein the electrically switchable array includes alternating layers of polymer and polymer-dispersed liquid crystal, wherein the electrically switchable array is tunable under an applied electric field.

Abstract: A diffractive optical pattern generator includes a diffractive optical element layer, and a nanostructure layer configured for beam steering an input light applied to the diffractive optical pattern generator to at least one of a polar beam-steering angle that is measured in a plane that is substantially normal to a direction of the input light and an azimuth beam-steering angle measured with respect to the direction of the input light. A dynamic transmission layer may be included in which at least one region of the dynamic transmission layer may be selectively controllable to transmit light through or to block light from passing through the dynamic transmission layer. The nanostructure layer may include nanostructures having a periodicity ranging from 0.75 ? to 3 ? of a target wavelength ?. The nanostructure layer may be configured to beam steer light input to the DOE layer or beam steer light output from the DOE layer.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element (DOE) includes a substrate layer; and a nanostructure layer comprising nanostructures having a predetermined periodicity ranging from 0.75? to 3? of a target wavelength ?. The nanostructures are pillar-shaped nanostructures formed on a surface of the substrate layer, holes formed in the substrate layer, or a combination thereof. At least one nanostructure has a plan-view cross-sectional shape of a circle, an oval, a square, or a rectangle. The plan-view cross-sectional shape of at least one nanostructure includes a rounded corner having a corner radius selected based on a desired light dot nonuniformity of a diffraction pattern generated by the DOE. When the nanostructures are pillar-shaped, a refractive index of the nanostructures is greater than a refractive index of the substrate layer. When the nanostructures are holes, a refractive index of the nanostructures is less than a refractive index of the substrate layer.

Abstract: An electronic device including a light source is provided. The light source includes an electromagnetic spectral emission source configured to output an electromagnetic spectral emission, and at least one of a polarization optical element configured to polarize the electromagnetic spectral emission, and a collimation optical element configured to focus or collimate the electromagnetic spectral emission.

Abstract: Optical spectrometers may be used to determine the spectral components of electromagnetic waves. Spectrometers may be large, bulky devices and may require waves to enter at a nearly direct angle of incidence in order to record a measurement. What is disclosed is an ultra-compact spectrometer with nanophotonic components as light dispersion technology. Nanophotonic components may contain metasurfaces and Bragg filters. Each metasurface may contain light scattering nanostructures that may be randomized to create a large input angle, and the Bragg filter may result in the light dispersion independent of the input angle. The spectrometer may be capable of handling about 200 nm bandwidth. The ultra-compact spectrometer may be able to read image data in the visible (400-600 nm) and to read spectral data in the near-infrared (700-900 nm) wavelength range. The surface area of the spectrometer may be about 1 mm2, allowing it to fit on mobile devices.

Abstract: A pixel for an image sensor is disclosed that includes a photodiode, a thin-film layer and a reflective layer. The photodiode includes a first side and a second side that is opposite the first side, and receives incident light on the first side. The thin-film layer is formed on the first side of the photodiode and provides a unidirectional phase-shift to light passing from the photodiode to the thin-film layer. The thin-film layer has a refractive index that less than a refractive index of material forming the photodiode. The unidirectional phase-shift may be a unidirectional it phase shift at a target near-infrared light wavelength. The reflective layer is formed on the second side of the photodiode and reflects light passing from the photodiode to the reflective layer toward the first side of the photodiode. The reflective layer may be a thin-film layer, a Distributed Bragg Reflector layer, or a metal.

Abstract: An amplification reaction chamber and a method for nucleic acid (NA) amplification in a gene analysis system are provided. The amplification reaction chamber includes an interior surface within which an NA amplification reaction is performed. The amplification reaction chamber also includes a multi-layered nanostructure coating conformally applied to at least a portion of the interior surface and including sub-micrometer nanostructures that enhance fluorescence in the NA amplification reaction based on at least one of plasmonic material of which the sub-micrometer nanostructures are made and geometric dimensions of the sub-micrometer nanostructures.

Abstract: An electronic device including a light source and a detector are provided. The light source includes an electromagnetic spectral emission source configured to output an electromagnetic spectral emission, a polarization optical element configured to polarize the electromagnetic spectral emission, a collimation optical element configured to focus or collimate the electromagnetic spectral emission into narrow or tight beam to reduce diffusion, and a diffractive optical element configured to separate the electromagnetic spectral emission into a predetermined arrangement.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a system and a method for biosignal detection, the method including emitting an electromagnetic spectral emission, including polarized light, that is reflected on a surface, collecting attributes from the reflected electromagnetic spectral emission, calculating Stokes parameters based on the collected attributes, determining at least one signal based on the Stokes parameters, and analyzing the at least one signal to estimate health-related information, wherein the collected attributes comprise at least one of a light intensity of a predetermined polarization state, a light intensity for a wavelength range, and a light intensity for multiple pixels

Abstract: A filter for an imaging device includes an array of phase-modulating nanostructures formed on a substrate. At least one phase-modulating nanostructure of the array of phase-modulating nanostructures changes a phase of incident light a predetermined amount based on a first width and a second width of the phase-modulating nanostructure in which the first width is perpendicular to the second width. In one embodiment, the filter focuses light incident on the filter towards a center a pixel of an image sensor at an image plane. In another embodiment, the phase-modulating nanostructure is formed from a material having a refractive index that is greater than 1.9. The filter can also be used to form a quarter-wave plate.

Abstract: A thin-film optical device disclosed herein includes a metalens able to modulate the phase of incident light. The metalens includes a thin-film layer having a first index of refraction, an embedded layer within the thin-film layer, and the embedded layer having a second index of refraction greater than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 3.0 times the first index of refraction. The embedded layer may fill a plurality of holes formed on the thin film layer, with the depth, width, and spacing of holes all contribute to modulating the phase of light traveling through the metalens.

Abstract: A metalens includes one or more regions of nanostructures. A first region of nanostructures directs a first field of view (FOV) of light incident on the first region of nanostructures to a first region of an image plane. A second region of nanostructures directs a second FOV of light incident on the second region of nanostructures to a second region of the image plane in which the second FOV is different from the first FOV, and the second region of the image plane is different from the first region of the image plane. A third region of nanostructures directs a third FOV of light to a third region of the image plane, in which the third FOV is different from the first FOV and the second FOV, and the third region of the image plane is different from the first region and the second region of the image plane.

Abstract: Optical spectrometers may be used to determine the spectral components of electromagnetic waves. Spectrometers may be large, bulky devices and may require waves to enter at a nearly direct angle of incidence in order to record a measurement. What is disclosed is an ultra-compact spectrometer with nanophotonic components as light dispersion technology. Nanophotonic components may contain metasurfaces and Bragg filters. Each metasurface may contain light scattering nanostructures that may be randomized to create a large input angle, and the Bragg filter may result in the light dispersion independent of the input angle. The spectrometer may be capable of handling about 200 nm bandwidth. The ultra-compact spectrometer may be able to read image data in the visible (400-600 nm) and to read spectral data in the near-infrared (700-900 nm) wavelength range. The surface area of the spectrometer may be about 1 mm2, allowing it to fit on mobile devices.

Abstract: A pixel for an image sensor includes a microbolometer sensor portion, a visible image sensor portion and an output path. The microbolometer sensor portion outputs a signal corresponding to an infrared (IR) image sensed by the microbolometer sensor portion. The visible image sensor portion outputs a signal corresponding to a visible image sensed by the visible image sensor portion. The output path is shared by the microbolometer and the visible image sensor portions, and is controlled to selectively output the signal corresponding to the IR image or the signal corresponding to the visible image. The output path may be further shared with a visible image sensor portion of an additional pixel, in which case the output path may be controlled to selectively to also output the signal corresponding to a visible image of the additional pixel.

Abstract: A pixel for an imaging sensor is disclosed that includes a photodetector and a metasurface. The photodetector includes a first surface and sidewalls that extend into the photodetector in a first direction from the first surface. The metasurface is formed on the first surface and includes nanostructures that bend a predetermined range of wavelengths of light at least 70 degrees in opposing angles from a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the first surface, and a standing wave pattern forms in an active region of the pixel. The predetermined range of wavelengths of light includes 700 nm to 1100 nm inclusive. In one embodiment, the pixel is a silicon-based photodetector, a thickness of the pixel in the first direction is less than or equal to 5 ?m, and the pixel absorbs at least 20% of a power of the predetermined range of wavelengths of light.