Abstract: A negative electrode active material as well as a method of preparing a negative electrode active material which includes preparing a silicon-based compound including SiOx, wherein 0.5<x<1.3; disposing a polymer layer including a polymer compound on the silicon-based compound; disposing a metal catalyst layer on the polymer layer; heat treating the silicon-based compound on which the polymer layer and the metal catalyst layer are disposed; and removing the metal catalyst layer, wherein the polymer compound includes any one selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, a phenolic resin, a naphthalene resin, a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a urethane resin, polyimide, a furan resin, a cellulose resin, an epoxy resin, a polystyrene resin, a resorcinol-based resin, a phloroglucinol-based resin, a coal-derived pitch, a petroleum-derived pitch, a tar and a mixture of two or more thereof.

Abstract: A silicon-carbon complex comprising carbon-based particles and silicon-based particles, wherein the silicon-based particles are dispersed and positioned on surfaces of the carbon-based particles, the carbon-based particles have a specific surface area of 0.4 m2/g to 1.5 m2/g, and the silicon-based particles are doped with one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mg, Li, Ca, and Al, and a negative electrode active material for lithium secondary battery comprising the same.

Abstract: A disk recording medium has a lead-in area, a program area and a lead-out area. The program area includes a first table area where a first index table consisting of a plurality of first indices and address data is recorded, a second table area where a second index table consisting of a plurality of second indices and address data is recorded, a first data area where a plurality of first programs consisting of first data are recorded according to an index of the plurality of first indices of the first index table, and a second data area where a plurality of second programs consisting of second data and an index table of the first programs related to the second data are recorded according to an index of the plurality of second indices of the second index table.

Abstract: A disk recording medium includes a lead-in area, a program area and a lead-out area. The program area includes: a first track on which a plurality of data signals each of which has a different index from the others is loaded; a second track on which a plurality of programs is loaded, whereby the plurality of programs consists of the sequential combination of the indices of at least one data signal among the plurality of data signals and each program has a different index from the others; a third track on which a data index table comprising the indices of the respective data signals and initial address information is loaded; and a fourth track on which a program index table comprising the indices of the respective programs and initial address information is loaded.

Abstract: A disk recording medium includes a lead-in area, a program area and a lead-out area. More specifically, the program area includes a first track on which a plurality of data signals, each of which has a different index from all of the others, is loaded, a second track on which a plurality of programs are loaded, a third track on which a data index table including the indices of the respective data signals and initial address information are loaded, and a fourth track on which a program index table including the indices of the respective programs and initial address information are loaded. The lead-in area is loaded with a table of contents consisting of the initial address information and a plurality of pointers, each of which is different from all of the others each of which designates the respective tracks of the program area and the initial position of the lead-out area.

Abstract: A protection circuit for optical disc players which can prevent the unnecessary radiation of laser beams due to a malfunction of the player. The circuit includes a laser radiating and detecting device which detects the laser beams reflecting from an optical disc and a driving stage which receives the detected signal from the laser radiating and detecting device and controls a microcomputer to cut out the supply of a driving voltage to the laser radiating and detecting device when the optical disc is not placed on a disc table.