Abstract: A multi-tier integrated power-to-ammonia system includes a converter for generating ammonia and heat through a reaction involving a compressed mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen gases. The system includes a steam generator that can generate steam using the heat from the reaction, and a reversible solid-oxide system in fluid communication with the steam generator that can separate the steam into oxygen gas and hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A method of evaluating one or more aspects of a low carbon ammonia production facility uses a digital twin implemented on a computer system. The digital twin includes a low carbon energy source component and one or more of: a hydrogen source component, a nitrogen source component, and an ammonia synthesis loop component.

Abstract: Advanced control and related methods for a low carbon ammonia facility having an ammonia synthesis loop that includes systems to carry out the steps of supplying energy to the facility, wherein at least a portion of the supplied energy is from a low carbon energy source, receiving a forecasted energy profile for the low carbon energy source over a time period, predicting, using an advanced regulatory controller (ARC), the operating conditions of the facility based on the forecasted energy profile for the low carbon energy source, generating, by the ARC, one or more set points to control the facility; controlling the generating of the hydrogen feed using the ARC; and producing ammonia by feeding the generated hydrogen feed to the ammonia synthesis loop in accordance with one or more set points generated by the ARC.