Abstract: An apparatus for measuring complex electrical admittance and/or complex electrical impedance in animal or human patients includes a first electrode and at least a second electrode which are adapted to be disposed in the patient. The apparatus includes a housing adapted to be disposed in the patient. The housing has disposed in it a stimulator in electrical communication with at least the first electrode to stimulate the first electrode with either current or voltage, a sensor in electrical communication with at least the second electrode to sense a response from the second electrode based on the stimulation of the first electrode, and a signal processor in electrical communication with the sensor to determine the complex electrical admittance or impedance of the patient.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring complex electrical admittance and/or complex electrical impedance in animal or human patients includes a first electrode and at least a second electrode which are adapted to be disposed in the patient. The apparatus includes a housing adapted to be disposed in the patient. The housing has disposed in it a stimulator in electrical communication with at least the first electrode to stimulate the first electrode with either current or voltage, a sensor in electrical communication with at least the second electrode to sense a response from the second electrode based on the stimulation of the first electrode, and a signal processor in electrical communication with the sensor to determine the complex electrical admittance or impedance of the patient.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring complex electrical admittance and/or complex electrical impedance in animal or human patients includes a first electrode and at least a second electrode which are adapted to be disposed in the patient. The apparatus includes a housing adapted to be disposed in the patient. The housing has disposed in it a stimulator in electrical communication with at least the first electrode to stimulate the first electrode with either current or voltage, a sensor in electrical communication with at least the second electrode to sense a response from the second electrode based on the stimulation of the first electrode, and a signal processor in electrical communication with the sensor to determine the complex electrical admittance or impedance of the patient.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring complex electrical admittance and/or complex electrical impedance in animal or human patients includes a first electrode and at least a second electrode which are adapted to be disposed in the patient. The apparatus includes a housing adapted to be disposed in the patient. The housing has disposed in it a stimulator in electrical communication with at least the first electrode to stimulate the first electrode with either current or voltage, a sensor in electrical communication with at least the second electrode to sense a response from the second electrode based on the stimulation of the first electrode, and a signal processor in electrical communication with the sensor to determine the complex electrical admittance or impedance of the patient.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring complex electrical admittance and/or complex electrical impedance in animal or human patients includes a first electrode and at least a second electrode which are adapted to be disposed in the patient. The apparatus includes a housing adapted to be disposed in the patient. The housing has disposed in it a stimulator in electrical communication with at least the first electrode to stimulate the first electrode with either current or voltage, a sensor in electrical communication with at least the second electrode to sense a response from the second electrode based on the stimulation of the first electrode, and a signal processor in electrical communication with the sensor to determine the complex electrical admittance or impedance of the patient.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring complex electrical admittance and/or complex electrical impedance in animal or human patients includes a first electrode and at least a second electrode which are adapted to be disposed in the patient. The apparatus includes a housing adapted to be disposed in the patient. The housing has disposed in it a stimulator in electrical communication with at least the first electrode to stimulate the first electrode with either current or voltage, a sensor in electrical communication with at least the second electrode to sense a response from the second electrode based on the stimulation of the first electrode, and a signal processor in electrical communication with the sensor to determine the complex electrical admittance or impedance of the patient.

Abstract: A smart camera includes an integrated lighting current controller and can couple to one or more external light sources. The integrated lighting current controller can control and power the one or more external light sources using a current pulse. The one or more external light sources can provide illumination for the smart camera to acquire the image of an object under test.

Abstract: A smart camera includes an integrated lighting current controller and can couple to one or more external light sources. The integrated lighting current controller can control and power the one or more external light sources using a current pulse. The one or more external light sources can provide illumination for the smart camera to acquire the image of an object under test.

Abstract: A protection and voltage monitoring circuit that may provide the functionality of a diode without the typical large voltage drop and power dissipation. The protection and voltage monitoring circuit may include a first MOSFET, a second MOSFET, a first resistor, an input terminal, an output terminal, a diode, a BJT current source, and a voltage monitoring circuit. The BJT current source may limit a gate-to-source voltage of the two MOSFETs to a predetermined voltage that is less than a maximum allowed voltage by controlling a current flow through the first resistor to prevent damage to the MOSFETs. The voltage monitoring circuit may determine whether an external voltage is within an allowable range of voltages. If the external voltage is outside the predetermined voltage range, the voltage monitoring circuit turns off the BJT current source to block the external voltage from the output terminal of the protection and voltage monitoring circuit.

Abstract: A low power and high efficiency voltage-to-current (V/I) converter designed with few parts and having improved power supply rejection. The V/I converter may include an op-amp, a MOSFET, and a first and second voltage dividers. The first voltage divider circuit may include a first, second, third, and fourth resistors. A source terminal of the MOSFET may be connected to a junction of the third and fourth resistors and the fourth resistor may be connected to a positive supply rail. Also, an inverting input terminal of the op-amp may be coupled to a junction of the second and third resistors. Additionally, the second resistor may be coupled to the first resistor, which may be connected to an input terminal of the V/I converter. The V/I converter typically has very good DC rejection of the power supply because the first and second voltage dividers are designed to have the same ratios.

Abstract: A protection and voltage monitoring circuit that may provide the functionality of a diode without the typical large voltage drop and power dissipation. The protection and voltage monitoring circuit may include a first MOSFET, a second MOSFET, a first resistor, an input terminal, an output terminal, a diode, a BJT current source, and a voltage monitoring circuit. The BJT current source may limit a gate-to-source voltage of the two MOSFETs to a predetermined voltage that is less than a maximum allowed voltage by controlling a current flow through the first resistor to prevent damage to the MOSFETs. The voltage monitoring circuit may determine whether an external voltage is within an allowable range of voltages. If the external voltage is outside the predetermined voltage range, the voltage monitoring circuit turns off the BJT current source to block the external voltage from the output terminal of the protection and voltage monitoring circuit.

Abstract: A low power and high efficiency voltage-to-current (V/I) converter designed with few parts and having improved power supply rejection. The V/I converter may include an op-amp, a MOSFET, and a first and second voltage dividers. The first voltage divider circuit may include a first, second, third, and fourth resistors. A source terminal of the MOSFET may be connected to a junction of the third and fourth resistors and the fourth resistor may be connected to a positive supply rail. Also, an inverting input terminal of the op-amp may be coupled to a junction of the second and third resistors. Additionally, the second resistor may be coupled to the first resistor, which may be connected to an input terminal of the V/I converter. The V/I converter typically has very good DC rejection of the power supply because the first and second voltage dividers are designed to have the same ratios.