Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, a method comprising: receiving from a network node, by a user equipment of a plurality of user equipment associated with more than one communication beam of a communication network, information comprising locations in time of the user equipment during paging occasions with at least one cell of the communication network associated over more than one communication beam, wherein the information identifies any provided order of the more than one communication beam covering the locations in time of the user equipment during the paging occasions; and based on the information, identifying by the user equipment at least one communication beam and timing of at least one paging occasion, of the paging occasions, for the user equipment.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program product for: receiving information relating to data consumption characteristics of at least one user device, predicting, based on the received information, at least one data consumption area at a first point in time, determining one or more data transmission modes based on the received information and the predicted at least one data consumption area and instructing at least one communication network element to provide data transmission at the first point in time according to the determined data transmission mode.

Abstract: A system comprising a first access node that provides a first beacon and a second access node that provides a second beacon, the system further comprising a terminal device that performs, in parallel or semi-parallel, a first beam sweep and a second beam sweep, wherein the first beam sweep is performed by a first antenna panel and the second beam sweep is performed by a second antenna panel the terminal device obtains results from the first and the second beam sweep, wherein the results comprise at least a power measurement, and, based on the results, the terminal device identifies one of the first or the second access node and initiates a connection to the identified first or the second access node.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for adaptive transmission of data packets. According to an aspect, a method comprises: scheduling a first wireless interface of a user device to operate in a first transmission mode where the first wireless interface transmits payload data to a wireless network; scheduling a second wireless interface of the user device or another user device to operate in a second transmission mode where the second wireless interface transmits keep alive messages without payload data to the wireless network or to another wireless network; receiving at least one measured connection quality metric from the first wireless interface and from the second wireless interfaces; and rescheduling, on the basis of the received connection quality metrics, a transmission mode of at least one of the first wireless interface and the second wireless interface.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for dynamic cell-specific delay for timing scaling in a non-terrestrial network (NTN). For example, certain embodiments may utilize a cell-common delay composed of FL and part of SL (until a cell-specific reference surface). A network node (e.g., a gNB) may calculate the cell-common delay as a function of time (T_c(t)) and may provide this function to the UEs (the satellite path may beis deterministic). The function of time may be a combination of two functions representing the FL and SL. The function can may be broadcasted in a system information block (SIB) or transmitted directly to the UE through radio resource control (RRC) signaling when it becomes active, is handed over, and/or regularly updated.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is provided a controller of a pool of terminal devices comprising means for performing the following. Initially, information on requirements of data traffic to be handled by the pool of terminal devices and data traffic statistics for the pool are maintained in a memory of the controller. Upon receiving results of scanning of available radio access networks and capabilities from one or more primary terminal devices, the controller analyzes the results of the scanning, the requirements of the data traffic and the data traffic statistics to determine optimal radio access configurations for the pool of terminal devices for satisfying the requirements of the data traffic. Then, the controller configures the pool of terminal devices for providing radio access according to the optimal radio access configurations. Finally, the controller provides radio access using the pool of terminal devices according to the optimal radio access configurations.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a client device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The at least one memory and the computer program code may be configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the client device to: receive a measurement configuration from a first network node device, receive a preconfigured condition for the measurement configuration from the first network node device, and in response to the preconfigured condition for the measurement configuration being fulfilled, use the measurement configuration. A client device, a network node device, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solution for configuring a retransmission in communications. In an aspect, a first device transmits, to a second device, a first indication of a plurality of candidate retransmission configurations. Each of the plurality of candidate retransmission configurations includes a transmission feedback configuration and/or a data retransmission configuration. The first device selects a target retransmission configuration from the plurality of candidate retransmission configurations. The first device transmits, to the second device, a second indication of the target retransmission configuration. The first device communicates with the second device using the target retransmission configuration. The example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a dynamical multi-level indication for a retransmission scheme.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for non-terrestrial networks. In some example embodiment, there may be provided a method including determining, based on position information, a country where the apparatus is located; receiving, from a non-terrestrial base station, a system information broadcast including mapping information, the mapping information including a country area identifier or a random access radio network temporary identifier; mapping the determined country into the received country area identifier or the received random access radio network temporary identifier; and performing, based on the received country area identifier or the received random access radio network temporary identifier, a random access procedure with the non-terrestrial base station.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for interference coordination between non-terrestrial network and terrestrial network stations are provided. One method may include exchanging, by a non-terrestrial network node, round trip time (RTT) information with at least one terrestrial network node. The method may also include informing the at least one terrestrial network node of resources scheduled at the non-terrestrial network node for one or more user equipment (UEs) to coordinate interference mitigation with the at least one terrestrial network node.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, a method comprising: receiving from a network node, by a user equipment of a plurality of user equipment associated with more than one communication beam of a communication network, information comprising locations in time of the user equipment during paging occasions with at least one cell of the communication network associated over more than one communication beam, wherein the information identifies any provided order of the more than one communication beam covering the locations in time of the user equipment during the paging occasions; and based on the information, identifying by the user equipment at least one communication beam and timing of at least one paging occasion, of the paging occasions, for the user equipment.

Abstract: According to certain embodiments, a method and apparatus may include transmitting, by a first network entity, at least one time-based measurement configuration to a user equipment. The method may further include receiving, by the first network entity, at least one measurement result from the user equipment. The method may further include determining, by the first network entity, whether at least one handover should be performed.

Abstract: Devices, methods and computer programs for timing advance variation compensation in wireless communications are disclosed Timing advance variation for a client device communicating with a network node device at least partially via an air/space born vehicle communication connection is determined based on measurements on uplink signaling from the client device. A timing advance compensation function curve from a set of predetermined timing advance compensation function curves is selected, such that the selected timing advance compensation function curve corresponds with the determined timing advance variation. An indication of the selected timing advance compensation function curve is signaled to the client device.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for interference coordination between non-terrestrial network and terrestrial network stations are provided. One method may include exchanging, by a non-terrestrial network node, round trip time (RTT) information with at least one terrestrial network node. The method may also include informing the at least one terrestrial network node of resources scheduled at the non-terrestrial network node for one or more user equipment (UEs) to coordinate interference mitigation with the at least one terrestrial network node.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for inconsistency free pipelined hybrid automatic repeat request scheme for non-terrestrial network channels. A method may include reserving or receiving reservation of physical layer resources exclusively for redundant transmission; allocating the physical layer resources and a predetermined number of transmit blocks, wherein the predetermined number of transmit blocks are associated with a downlink control information (DCI); checking a number of hybrid automatic repeat request process identifiers that are eligible for redundant transmission; and splitting the physical layer resources based on the number of hybrid automatic repeat request process identifiers that are eligible for redundant transmission.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for dynamic cell-specific delay for timing scaling in a non-terrestrial network (NTN). For example, certain embodiments may utilize a cell-common delay composed of FL and part of SL (until a cell-specific reference surface). A network node (e.g., a gNB) may calculate the cell-common delay as a function of time (T_c(t)) and may provide this function to the UEs (the satellite path may beis deterministic). The function of time may be a combination of two functions representing the FL and SL. The function can may be broadcasted in a system information block (SIB) or transmitted directly to the UE through radio resource control (RRC) signaling when it becomes active, is handed over, and/or regularly updated.

Abstract: Certain embodiments may relate to wireless communication systems. For example, some embodiments may relate to non-terrestrial networks (NTN). A method, in certain embodiments, may include receiving, by a user equipment (UE), at least one resynchronization message from at least one first network entity (NE). The method may also include resynchronizing, by the UE, with at least one second NE after at least one time period with at least one parameter based upon the at least one resynchronization message.

Abstract: There is provided determining an availability of a connection to a mobile non-terrestrial access node of a wireless communication system, determining, at the wireless device, coverage availability estimates of the mobile non-terrestrial access node, and determining at the wireless device, if the determined coverage availability estimates indicate a periodic coverage of the mobile non-terrestrial access node, a power save mode or one or more connection attempts to the mobile non-terrestrial access node, on the basis of a time period according to a periodicity of the determined coverage availability estimates.

Abstract: A serving network node may be configured to determine an altitude position state of a terminal device. The altitude position state may be determined using information in a plurality of reports received from the terminal device, the reports comprising at least one indication of signal reception quality (201). For example, the altitude position state may be determined by comparing the at least one indication of the signal reception quality of the plurality of reports to a comparison model, or by comparing cells in the plurality of reports to information of cells in a certain area (202). Further, more reports may be requested from the terminal device for improved certainty of the determining, if needed. The determined altitude position state of the terminal device may further be transmitted, as a part of a handover process, to a handover target network node (203).

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for adaptive transmission of data packets. According to an aspect, a method comprises: scheduling a first wireless interface of a user device to operate in a first transmission mode where the first wireless interface transmits payload data to a wireless network; scheduling a second wireless interface of the user device or another user device to operate in a second transmission mode where the second wireless interface transmits keep alive messages without payload data to the wireless network or to another wireless network; receiving at least one measured connection quality metric from the first wireless interface and from the second wireless interfaces; and rescheduling, on the basis of the received connection quality metrics, a transmission mode of at least one of the first wireless interface and the second wireless interface.