Abstract: A continuous desulfurization process and process system are described for removal of reduced sulfur species at gas stream concentrations in a range of from about 5 to about 5000 ppmv, using fixed beds containing regenerable sorbents, and for regeneration of such regenerable sorbents. The desulfurization removes the reduced sulfur species of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and/or thiols and disulfides with four or less carbon atoms, to ppbv concentrations. In specific disclosed implementations, regenerable metal oxide-based sorbents are integrated along with a functional and effective process to control the regeneration reaction and process while maintaining a stable dynamic sulfur capacity. A membrane-based process and system is described for producing regeneration and purge gas for the desulfurization.

Abstract: An aqueous solvent composition useful for CO2 capture is described, that includes one or more CO2-sorbing amines, e.g., an amino acid salt and a tertiary or a sterically hindered amine. The solvent composition may include one or more promoters that are effective to enhance solvent characteristics such as (i) CO2 sorption capacity, (ii) CO2 sorption rate, (iii) CO2 desorption capacity, (iv) CO2 desorption rate, and (v) regeneration temperature, in relation to a corresponding solvent lacking the promoters. In relation to existing CO2 capture solvent compositions, the disclosed aqueous solvent composition provides high solvent CO2 capacity, high rate of CO2 absorption and desorption, high thermal and oxidative stability, low solvent regeneration energy, low solvent emissions, and low solvent toxicity.

Abstract: An article for joule heating is described, including a three-dimensional substrate on and/or in which a pyrolyzate of a phenolic resin or polymer forms an electrically conductive carbon network. Such articles may be incorporated in structured materials applications, which may include support, sorbent, and or catalyst components.

Abstract: An aqueous solvent composition useful for CO2 capture is described, that includes one or more CO2-sorbing amines, e.g., an amino acid salt and a tertiary or a sterically hindered amine. The solvent composition may include one or more promoters that are effective to enhance solvent characteristics such as (i) CO2 sorption capacity, (ii) CO2 sorption rate, (iii) CO2 desorption capacity, (iv) CO2 desorption rate, and (v) regeneration temperature, in relation to a corresponding solvent lacking the promoters. In relation to existing CO2 capture solvent compositions, the disclosed aqueous solvent composition provides high solvent CO2 capacity, high rate of CO2 absorption and desorption, high thermal and oxidative stability, low solvent regeneration energy, low solvent emissions, and low solvent toxicity.

Abstract: A method for forming an integrated composite comprises providing a three-dimensional substrate having at least one channel; coating the substrate with a phenolic resin, wherein coating comprises dispersing the phenolic resin on the substrate, impregnating the phenolic resin in the substrate or a combination of both; curing the substrate and the phenolic resin; heating the cured substrate and cured phenolic resin to a temperature in a range of about 600° C. to about 1100° C. in an inert environment thereby pyrolyzing the phenolic resin, forming a conductive carbon network on, in, or both on and in the substrate; and coating a support material on, in, or both on and in the substrate to form an integrated composite.

Abstract: A dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor and method in which plasma is used to activate difficult-to-activate molecules and the catalyst so that chemical conversion of the activated molecules can occur at reduced temperature and pressure conditions to carry out chemical reactions that ordinarily occur at high temperature and high pressure conditions or otherwise do not occur at all.

Abstract: A structured material assembly for removing CO2 from a gas, comprises a substrate, a sorbent for adsorbing CO2 from the gas, and a desorption material integrated into the structured material assembly, which is responsive to inputted energy to generate heat to desorb CO2 from the sorbent. The CO2-containing gas may comprise ambient air.

Abstract: A method for forming an integrated composite comprises providing a three-dimensional substrate having at least one channel; coating the substrate with a phenolic resin, wherein coating comprises dispersing the phenolic resin on the substrate, impregnating the phenolic resin in the substrate or a combination of both; curing the substrate and the phenolic resin; heating the cured substrate and cured phenolic resin to a temperature in a range of about 600° C. to about 1100° C. in an inert environment thereby pyrolyzing the phenolic resin, forming a conductive carbon network on, in, or both on and in the substrate; and coating a support material on, in, or both on and in the substrate to form an integrated composite.

Abstract: Processes are described for removal of CO2 from a CO2-containing gas comprising water vapor, including: (a) contacting the CO2-containing gas comprising water vapor with an alkali metal carbonate adsorbent under conditions causing (i) the water vapor in the CO2-containing gas comprising water vapor to react with the alkali metal carbonate to form a corresponding alkali metal carbonate hydrate, and (ii) the corresponding alkali metal carbonate hydrate to react with CO2 in the CO2-containing gas comprising water vapor to form a corresponding alkali metal sesquicarbonate; and (b) reacting the alkali metal sesquicarbonate under conditions effective to recover CO2 and to regenerate alkali metal carbonate hydrate adsorbent therefrom. Systems for carrying out such process are also described, which are applicable to direct air capture (DAC) of CO2, as well as to treatment of CO2-containing flue gases from power plants and other oxidation and combustion sources.

Abstract: A sorbent useful for CO2 capture is described, including a solid support with CO2-sorbing amine and ionic liquid thereon. The ionic liquid is catalytically effective to enhance sorbent characteristics such as (i) CO2 sorption capacity, (ii) CO2 sorption rate, (iii) CO2 desorption capacity, (iv) CO2 desorption rate, and (v) regeneration temperature, in relation to a corresponding sorbent lacking the ionic liquid. In specific implementations, the sorbent is regenerable at temperatures significantly below 100° C., thereby avoiding the need for steam heat desorption and enabling utilization of waste heat or other low energy thermal regeneration sources.

Abstract: A process for production of silicon carbide and hydrogen is described, involving reacting hydrocarbon gas in the presence of silicon particles to form particulate silicon carbide and hydrogen, wherein the silicon particles, in addition to being reactants, also act as a catalyst for the reaction. Apparatus for carrying out such process is also described. The disclosed process and apparatus enable production of particulate silicon carbide at high purity, e.g., 5N (99.999%) and higher purity, as well as high purity hydrogen.

Abstract: A continuous desulfurization process and process system are described for removal of reduced sulfur species at gas stream concentrations in a range of from about 5 to about 5000 ppmv, using fixed beds containing regenerable sorbents, and for regeneration of such regenerable sorbents. The desulfurization removes the reduced sulfur species of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and/or thiols and disulfides with four or less carbon atoms, to ppbv concentrations. In specific disclosed implementations, regenerable metal oxide-based sorbents are integrated along with a functional and effective process to control the regeneration reaction and process while maintaining a stable dynamic sulfur capacity. A membrane-based process and system is described for producing regeneration and purge gas for the desulfurization.

Abstract: A continuous desulfurization process and process system are described for removal of reduced sulfur species at gas stream concentrations in a range of from about 5 to about 5000 ppmv, using fixed beds containing regenerable sorbents, and for regeneration of such regenerable sorbents. The desulfurization removes the reduced sulfur species of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and/or thiols and disulfides with four or less carbon atoms, to ppbv concentrations. In specific disclosed implementations, regenerable metal oxide-based sorbents are integrated along with a functional and effective process to control the regeneration reaction and process while maintaining a stable dynamic sulfur capacity . A membrane-based process and system is described for producing regeneration and purge gas for the desulfurization.

Abstract: A continuous desulfurization process and process system are described for removal of reduced sulfur species at gas stream concentrations in a range of from about 5 to about 5000 ppmv, using fixed beds containing regenerable sorbents, and for regeneration of such regenerable sorbents. The desulfurization removes the reduced sulfur species of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and/or thiols and disulfides with four or less carbon atoms, to ppbv concentrations. In specific disclosed implementations, regenerable metal oxide-based sorbents are integrated along with a functional and effective process to control the regeneration reaction and process while maintaining a stable dynamic sulfur capacity. A membrane-based process and system is described for producing regeneration and purge gas for the desulfurization.

Abstract: A mixed salt composition adapted for use as a sorbent for carbon dioxide removal from a gaseous stream is provided, the composition being in solid form and including magnesium oxide, an alkali metal carbonate, and an alkali metal nitrate, wherein the composition has a molar excess of magnesium characterized by a Mg:X atomic ratio of at least about 3:1, wherein X is the alkali metal. A process for preparing the mixed salt is also provided, the process including mixing a magnesium salt with a solution comprising alkali metal ions, carbonate ions, and nitrate ions to form a slurry or colloid including a solid mixed salt including magnesium carbonate; separating the solid mixed salt from the slurry or colloid to form a wet cake; drying the wet cake to form a dry cake including the solid mixed salt; and calcining the dry cake to form a mixed salt sorbent.

Abstract: A mixed salt composition adapted for use as a sorbent for carbon dioxide removal from a gaseous stream is provided, the composition being in solid form and including magnesium oxide, an alkali metal carbonate, and an alkali metal nitrate, wherein the composition has a molar excess of magnesium characterized by a Mg:X atomic ratio of at least about 3:1, wherein X is the alkali metal. A process for preparing the mixed salt is also provided, the process including mixing a magnesium salt with a solution comprising alkali metal ions, carbonate ions, and nitrate ions to form a slurry or colloid including a solid mixed salt including magnesium carbonate; separating the solid mixed salt from the slurry or colloid to form a wet cake; drying the wet cake to form a dry cake including the solid mixed salt; and calcining the dry cake to form a mixed salt sorbent.

Abstract: A mixed salt composition adapted for use as a sorbent for carbon dioxide removal from a gaseous stream is provided, the composition being in solid form and including magnesium oxide, an alkali metal carbonate, and an alkali metal nitrate, wherein the composition has a molar excess of magnesium characterized by a Mg:X atomic ratio of at least about 3:1, wherein X is the alkali metal. A process for preparing the mixed salt is also provided, the process including mixing a magnesium salt with a solution comprising alkali metal ions, carbonate ions, and nitrate ions to form a slurry or colloid including a solid mixed salt including magnesium carbonate; separating the solid mixed salt from the slurry or colloid to form a wet cake; drying the wet cake to form a dry cake including the solid mixed salt; and calcining the dry cake to form a mixed salt sorbent.

Abstract: A mixed salt composition adapted for use as a sorbent for carbon dioxide removal from a gaseous stream is provided, the composition being in solid form and including magnesium oxide, an alkali metal carbonate, and an alkali metal nitrate, wherein the composition has a molar excess of magnesium characterized by a Mg:X atomic ratio of at least about 3:1, wherein X is the alkali metal. A process for preparing the mixed salt is also provided, the process including mixing a magnesium salt with a solution comprising alkali metal ions, carbonate ions, and nitrate ions to form a slurry or colloid including a solid mixed salt including magnesium carbonate; separating the solid mixed salt from the slurry or colloid to form a wet cake; drying the wet cake to form a dry cake including the solid mixed salt; and calcining the dry cake to form a mixed salt sorbent.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to zinc oxide-based sorbents, and processes for preparing and using them. The sorbents are preferably used to remove one or more reduced sulfur species from gas streams. The sorbents comprise an active zinc component, optionally in combination with one or more promoter components and/or one or more substantially inert components. The active zinc component is a two phase material, consisting essentially of a zinc oxide (ZnO) phase and a zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) phase. Each of the two phases is characterized by a relatively small crystallite size of typically less than about 500 Angstroms. Preferably the sorbents are prepared by converting a precursor mixture, comprising a precipitated zinc oxide precursor and a precipitated aluminum oxide precursor, to the two-phase, active zinc oxide containing component.

Abstract: Zinc oxide-based sorbents, and processes for preparing and using them are provided, wherein the sorbents are preferably used to remove one or more reduced sulfur species from gas streams. The sorbents contain an active zinc component, optionally in combination with one or more promoter components and/or one or more substantially inert components. The active zinc component is a two phase material, consisting essentially of a zinc oxide (ZnO) phase and a zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) phase. Each of the two phases is characterized by a relatively small crystallite size of typically less than about 500 Angstroms. Preferably the sorbents are prepared by converting a precursor mixture, containing a precipitated zinc oxide precursor and a precipitated aluminum oxide precursor, to the two-phase, active zinc oxide containing component.