Abstract: Microgrids and methods for controlling a microgrid. One example method includes receiving, from a utility source or a microgrid source, a supply of power and determining a condition affecting the supply of power to the microgrid. The condition relates to a fault in a distribution loop of the microgrid or a loss of voltage from the utility source. The method also includes supplying, using a short-term energy store of the microgrid, power to a load of the microgrid in response to determining the condition. The method also includes executing a remedial control sequence based on the condition that is determined. After performing the remedial control sequence, supply of power to the microgrid from the utility source or the microgrid source is restored.

Abstract: A method is provided for designing grounding equipment to account for interconnection of a distributed energy resource (DER) subsystem to an area electric power system (EPS). The method includes, for each of multiple possible modes of operation of the DER subsystem and/or for each of multiple possible sets of value(s) of unknown parameter(s), calculating a temporary overvoltage (TOV) level and/or a coefficient of grounding (COG) that would be associated with different possible grounding equipment designs. Here, the different possible designs comprise different possible grounding equipment types and/or different possible grounding equipment sizing configurations.

Abstract: A photovoltaic solar panel is provided. The photovoltaic solar panel includes a glass positioned in front of photovoltaic solar cells in order to provide environmental protection, an adhesive used in the solar panel, an array of soldered photovoltaic solar cells which generates electricity, a mini/micro channel cooler configured to remove heat from the photovoltaic solar cells and being adhered right behind the photovoltaic solar cell by the adhesive, Tedlar Polyester Tedlar (TPT) adhered to the cooler by the adhesive for environmental protection, an insulator having a thermal structure configured to use when the solar panel is connected to a container to warm up water inside the container, a cover positioned below the insulator and being configured to protect the insulator from humidity and medium harmful effects, a circulating pump configured to circulate coolant from the cooler to the container, and a polymer tube configured to remove the heat from the panel to the ground.