Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a nanoparticle material having an ionic conductivity as a battery material for Fluoride ion Batteries, thus, being capable for overcoming high resistances at the surfaces, grain-boundaries of nanoparticles or compartments of the nanoparticles by a material treatment selected from: (i) a ball-mill procedure under aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere, (ii) excess-synthesis, (iii) ball-milling with surface stabilizing and conductivity enhancing solid or/and gel/liquid additives or (iv) functionalizing the material to obtain functionalized nanoparticles (GSNP) comprising a dispersion of graphene, nanotubes and/or a further additive selected from carbon-black, graphite, Si and/or CFX, Herein, fluorides (EmmFh), fluorides composites (Em1m1Em2m2 . . .

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a nanoparticle material having an ionic conductivity as a battery material for Fluoride ion Batteries, thus, being capable for overcoming high resistances at the surfaces, grain-boundaries of nanoparticles or compartments of the nanoparticles by a material treatment selected from: (i) a ball-mill procedure under aerosol and/or vapour-pressure atmosphere, (ii) excess-synthesis, (iii) ball-milling with surface stabilizing and conductivity enhancing solid or/and gel/liquid additives or (iv) functionalizing the material to obtain functionalized nanoparticles (GSNP) comprising a dispersion of graphene, nanotubes and/or a further additive selected from carbon-black, graphite, Si and/or CFX, Herein, fluorides (EmmFh), fluorides composites (Em1m1Em2m2 . . .

Abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance in a sample volume located in a measuring volume is examined by generating a packet of laser pulses to act on the measuring volume when a quasi-static magnetic field occurs therein. If the resonance conditions for nuclear spins contained therein are fulfilled, the sample volume emits a response signal that is received by a detector. The quasi-static magnetic field occurring within the measuring volume is generated by acting on the measuring volume with a low-frequency laser beam having a wavelength that exceeds the wavelength of the excitation laser by at least 102 to create a periodically variable magnetic field in the measuring volume. The amplitude of the field is at least 90% of the maximum thereof in the measuring volume. Alternatively, the measuring volume is acted on by a high-frequency laser beam having a frequency exceeding the frequency of the excitation laser by at least 102.

Abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance in a sample volume located in a measuring volume is examined by generating a packet of laser pulses to act on the measuring volume when a quasi-static magnetic field occurs therein. If the resonance conditions for nuclear spins contained therein are fulfilled, the sample volume emits a response signal that is received by a detector. The quasi-static magnetic field occurring within the measuring volume is generated by acting on the measuring volume with a low-frequency laser beam having a wavelength that exceeds the wavelength of the excitation laser by at least 102 to create a periodically variable magnetic field in the measuring volume. The amplitude of the field is at least 90% of the maximum thereof in the measuring volume. Alternatively, the measuring volume is acted on by a high-frequency laser beam having a frequency exceeding the frequency of the excitation laser by at least 102.