Abstract: Disclosed herein is a projector for illuminating at least one object with at least one illumination pattern. The projector includes at least one array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Each of the VCSELs is configured for generating at least one light beam. The projector includes at least one optical system configured for generating a characteristic beam profile for each of the light beams generated by the VCSELs of the array. The beam profile of neighboring VCSELs of the array differs in lateral and/or axial direction such that light beams of the VCSELs of the array are assignable to the corresponding VCSEL in three-dimensional space.

Abstract: A device and a method for measuring temperature. At least one illumination device emits light with an illumination spectrum into tissue. At least one detector receives the diffuse reflection of the light with a remission spectrum from the tissue. The detector converts the remission spectrum into a detector signal. The detector signal is sent to a computing unit that calculates a remission spectrum from the detector signal. The computing unit calculates an absorption spectrum of the tissue by comparing the illumination spectrum with the remission spectrum, calculates at least one absorption maximum from the absorption spectrum, and calculates a temperature in the tissue by comparing the absorption maximum with at least one reference.

Abstract: A method for measuring temperature includes emitting light with an illumination spectrum into a tissue with at least one illumination, receiving the remission of light with a remission spectrum from the tissue using at least one detector, converting the remission spectrum into a detector signal, sending the detector signal to a calculating unit, calculating a first theoretical remission spectrum based on a solution for describing the propagation of light in the tissue with the calculating unit, assuming estimated volume fractions of the individual tissue components, adapting the theoretical remission spectrum to the measured remission spectrum, and calculating at least one volume fraction of a tissue component from the remissions spectrum using a minimization algorithm, which is used by the calculating unit to adapt the theoretical remission spectrum to the measured remission spectrum using variations in the volume fractions of the individual tissue components which are present in the tissue.

Abstract: A method for determining a switch-off time of a medical instrument includes measuring the duration for which the temperature of a tissue is above 85° Celsius, preferably above 95° Celsius, calculating, preferably online, the mean temperature from the first time when 85° Celsius, preferably 95° Celsius is reached, measuring and/or calculating the energy input until 85° Celsius, preferably 95° Celsius, and preferably below 110° Celsius, preferably below 100° Celsius is reached, calculating a parameter SP, which links the above mentioned results, and switches off at a predetermined value. The method can be practiced with a medical instrument as well as an application and a storage medium.

Abstract: Method for generating a shaped laser pulse in a lithotripter characterized in that if the pulse duration is divided into four intervals of equal length, less than 25% of the energy of the pulse is emitted in the first of those intervals, and in that the maximum intensity of the pulse is first reached in the second, third or fourth time interval, and wherein the intensity reached after the start of the third and/or forth interval is at least once the same as or higher than the maximum intensity reached in the second interval.

Abstract: In order to provide a temperature sensor or a temperature measuring apparatus having a temperature sensor, which enables direct temperature measurement, in particular even during treatment, in particular even with HF surgical devices, it is proposed that the temperature sensor includes a sensor element with a medium which can be excited to luminescence, in particular fluorescence, and an optical waveguide which is optically connected to the sensor element and is intended to supply light to the medium at an excitation wavelength and/or to pick up and conduct light at a luminescence wavelength of the medium which can be excited to luminescence.

Abstract: In order to provide a temperature sensor or a temperature measuring apparatus having a temperature sensor, which enables direct temperature measurement, in particular even during treatment, in particular even with HF surgical devices, it is proposed that the temperature sensor includes a sensor element with a medium which can be excited to luminescence, in particular fluorescence, and an optical waveguide which is optically connected to the sensor element and is intended to supply light to the medium at an excitation wavelength and/or to pick up and conduct light at a luminescence wavelength of the medium which can be excited to luminescence.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for ascertaining material characteristics of an object, in particular optical properties of preferably semi-transparent objects. The aim of the invention is to obtain material characteristics without complex measuring methods. This is achieved in that spectrally resolved data from measured data of the object are calculated with spectrally resolved data of a reference body in order to ascertain the material characteristics, the measured data being ascertained with a confocal 3D measuring system.

Abstract: Method for generating a shaped laser pulse in a lithotripter characterized in that if the pulse duration is divided into four intervals of equal length, less than 25% of the energy of the pulse is emitted in the first of those intervals, and in that the maximum intensity of the pulse is first reached in the second, third or fourth time interval, and wherein the intensity reached after the start of the third and/or forth interval is at least once the same as or higher than the maximum intensity reached in the second interval.

Abstract: A measuring arrangement and a method for the three-dimensional measurement of at least part of an object includes a light source with a continuous spectrum, a device for generating a multifocal lighting pattern, a lens with a large chromatic aberration for imaging foci of the lighting pattern on the object, a detection unit for generating the wavelength spectrum of the foci that are confocally imaged on the object via the lens, and a spectrum-dispersive device disposed between the confocally imaged foci and the detection device. In order to create a highly accurate surface profile in a relatively short time even in the case of moving objects, the invention proposes that a first hole pattern including first holes be disposed in the plane of the confocally imaged foci, the geometric arrangement of the first holes corresponding to the geometric arrangement of the foci of the multifocal lighting pattern.

Abstract: Method for measuring the shape of a section of a semi-transparent object such as one section of a tooth, using a light source for generating light with a broadband spectrum in a device for generating a multifocal illumination pattern, a lens with a large chromatic aberration for imaging foci of the illumination pattern onto the object, and a detection device for determining the wavelength spectra of the foci confocally imaged onto the object via the lens, wherein a spectral peak position of each focus is determined from the respective wavelength spectrum, from which position the extent of the object in the direction of the imaging beam (Z coordinate) is calculated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reversibly securing an attachment part to a base part by means of a connecting means which rigidly connects these parts to each other. For this purpose, an adhesive separating material is disposed between the base part and the attachment part, said material losing its adhesive effect reversibly or irreversibly under the effect of electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Method for measuring the shape of a section of a semi-transparent object such as one section of a tooth, using a light source for generating light with a broadband spectrum in a device for generating a multifocal illumination pattern, a lens with a large chromatic aberration for imaging foci of the illumination pattern onto the object, and a detection device for determining the wavelength spectra of the foci confocally imaged onto the object via the lens, wherein a spectral peak position of each focus is determined from the respective wavelength spectrum, from which position the extent of the object in the direction of the imaging beam (Z coordinate) is calculated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for the superficial heating of tissue by means of a pulsed light source. According to the invention a series of light pulses is applied to the tissue surface. The first part of this series is configured such that the tissue surface and, by heat conduction, tissue areas situated below the tissue surface are rapidly heated to a defined target temperature without tissue removal. The subsequent part of the series results in oscillation of the temperature of the tissue areas located below the tissue surface around a value which is slightly lower than the target temperature.

Abstract: A pulsed light source for cutting away biological tissue has a control unit that controls the light source in such a way that the light source supplies a series of pulses of predetermined duration and radiation intensity. The control unit may be operated to cause the light source to supply short pulses (10) at a predetermined and/or controllable rate of repetition with a radiation intensity sufficient to cut away the tissues, and radiation followed by light emission (11) or the like with a radiation intensity that is not sufficient to cut away the tissues but is sufficient to generate heat.

Abstract: Method and device for the recognition of caries, plaque, concretions or bacterial infections on teeth, whereby with the aid of a light source (1) an excitation radiation (9) is generated which is directed at a tooth (4) to be investigated and there brings about a fluorescence radiation (10). The fluorescence radiation is detected and evaluated with a detection device (8). A spectral filter is arranged before the detection device (8) which restricts the fluorescence radiation detected and evaluated by the detection device (8) to wavelengths greater than ca. 800 nm, in order to make possible an improved detection of carious tooth regions. Advantageously, the irradiation of the tooth to be investigated is effected with a relatively long wavelength excitation radiation (9), the wavelength of which may be for example ca. 780 nm.

Abstract: A pulsed light source for cutting away biological tissue has a control unit that controls the light source in such a way that the light source supplies a series of pulses of predetermined duration and radiation intensity. The control unit may be operated to cause the light source to supply short pulses (10) at a predetermined and/or controllable rate of repetition with a radiation intensity sufficient to cut away the tissues, and radiation followed by light emission (11) or the like with a radiation intensity that is not sufficient to cut away the tissues but is sufficient to generate heat.

Abstract: A device for the recognition of caries, plaque or bacterial infection on teeth, which includes a light source for generating an excitation radiation which is to be directed onto a tooth to be investigated and producing an fluorescence radiation at the tooth. Also included is a detection device for detecting the fluorescence radiation of the tooth, and a spectral filter arranged in front of the detection device, wherein the wavelength of the excitation radiation emitted from the light source lies within the range of between 640 and 670 nm.

Abstract: A device for detecting dental caries has an illumination device which emits radiation of a pre-determined wavelength towards a tooth. A filter accepts radiation returned by the tooth in a pre-determined spectral range. The accepted radiation is evaluated for caries detection. The illumination device has at least one light guide, by means of which the radiation can be supplied to the tooth. The illumination device emits radiation in the spectral range from 360 to 580 nm. The filter accepts the returned radiation in the spectral range above 620 nm. The device can be used in a flexible manner and enables a low level of caries to be identified.

Abstract: In a process for destroying and removing tooth material by means of pulsed infrared laser beams, in order to reduce the damage to the surrounding tissue without simultaneously impairing the effectiveness of the removal, it is propsed that prior to the irradiation with the laser beams, the tooth material be covered with a layer of liquid of between 10 and 200 micrometers thickness which absorbs the laser radiation.