Abstract: A method of polishing a semiconductor wafer includes simultaneous double-side polishing the wafer in a gap of a polishing device between a lower polishing plate covered with a lower polishing pad and upper polishing plate covered with an upper polishing pad while supplying a polishing agent. A first of the upper and lower polishing pads is dressed using a dressing tool. The dressing tool is mounted in the gap so that it extends from the inner edge to the outer edge of the first polishing pad. The distance between the dressing tool and a second of the upper and lower polishing pads at the inner edge of the second polishing pad differs from a corresponding distance at the outer edge of the second polishing pad. After the dressing, the at least one semiconductor wafer in the gap is polished.

Abstract: A method of polishing a semiconductor wafer includes simultaneous double-side polishing the wafer in a gap of a polishing device between a lower polishing plate covered with a lower polishing pad and upper polishing plate covered with an upper polishing pad while supplying a polishing agent. A first of the upper and lower polishing pads is dressed using a dressing tool. The dressing tool is mounted in the gap so that it extends from the inner edge to the outer edge of the first polishing pad. The distance between the dressing tool and a second of the upper and lower polishing pads at the inner edge of the second polishing pad differs from a corresponding distance at the outer edge of the second polishing pad. After the dressing, the at least one semiconductor wafer in the gap is polished.

Abstract: An object detection system has an image detection system with an imaging detector, a position detection system with a position detector, and optics which guide incident radiation onto both detectors. The two detectors are arranged one behind the other, in particular adjacent to one another, in the beam path. This makes it possible to achieve a simple, compact and reliable object detection system.

Abstract: A prismatic joint for an optical swiveling device has a first prism rotatably mounted about a first rotation axis and a second prism, rotatably mounted about a second rotation axis with respect to the first prism. The first rotation axis and the second rotation axis intersect one another at an intersection angle of 45°. The first prism and the second prism have a respective first side surface and a second side surface, as well as a base surface. The first side surface is inclined through the intersection angle with respect to the base surface, and the second side surface is inclined through half the intersection angle with respect to the base surface. The first and second prisms project substantially mirror-image symmetrically along the first rotation axis, and a third prism is disposed with its side surfaces adjoining, the first and the second prisms.

Abstract: An apparatus for capturing an object scene, in particular a seeking head for target-tracking missiles, such that, with a detector 86 in fixed relationship with a structure, it is possible to capture a large spatial angle. For that purpose the imaging optical system (30) has a system portion (28) facing the object scene which is pivotable with a pitch frame (24) about a pitch axis (26) perpendicular to a roll axis (18). The pitch frame (24) is mounted pivotably about the pitch axis (26) in a roll frame (16) which is supported in the structure (10) rotatably about the roll axis (18). The system portion (28) includes first beam deflection structure (36) by which the imaging beam path of the imaging optical system (30) is deflectable in a direction along the pitch axis (26).

Abstract: A prismatic joint for an optical swiveling device has a first prism which is mounted such that it can rotate about a first rotation axis and a second prism, which is mounted such that it rotate about a second rotation axis with respect to the first prism. The first rotation axis and the second rotation axis intersect one another at an intersection angle of 45°. The first prism and the second prism have a respective first side surface and a second side surface, as well as a base surface. The first side surface is inclined through the intersection angle with respect to the base surface, and the second side surface is inclined through half the intersection angle with respect to the base surface. A third prism has side surfaces that are inclined symmetrically at the intersection angle with respect to the base surface.

Abstract: In a compact laser measuring device with a high level of transmission power the problem arises of the laser detector being dazzled by unwanted stray light. To resolve that problem there is provided a module (2) for a laser measuring device (4) which includes a laser source (6, 36), a transmission light guide (8, 38a-d) optically connected to the laser source (6, 36), a laser detector (10), a reception light guide (12) optically connected to the laser detector (10), a transmission reception light guide (16, 42a-d, 54) and a coupling element (14, 40a-d) which optically connects the transmission reception light guide (16, 42a-d, 54) to the laser source (6, 36) and the laser detector (10), wherein the transmission reception light guide (16, 42a-d, 54) is operatively connected to a light amplifier element (22).

Abstract: An apparatus for capturing an object scene, in particular a seeking head for target-tracking missiles, such that, with a detector 86 in fixed relationship with a structure, it is possible to capture a large spatial angle. For that purpose the imaging optical system (30) has a system portion (28) facing the object scene which is pivotable with a pitch frame (24) about a pitch axis (26) perpendicular to a roll axis (18). The pitch frame (24) is mounted pivotably about the pitch axis (26) in a roll frame (16) which is supported in the structure (10) rotatably about the roll axis (18). The system portion (28) includes first beam deflection structure (36) by which the imaging beam path of the imaging optical system (30) is deflectable in a direction along the pitch axis (26).

Abstract: In a compact laser measuring device with a high level of transmission power the problem arises of the laser detector being dazzled by unwanted stray light. To resoive that problem there is provided a module (2) for a laser measuring device (4) which includes a laser source (6, 36), a transmission light guide (8, 38a-d) optically connected to the laser source (6, 36), a laser detector (10), a reception light guide (12) optically connected to the laser detector (10), a transmission reception light guide (16, 42a-d, 54) and a coupling element (14, 40a-d) which optically connects the transmission reception light guide (16, 42a-d, 54) to the laser source (6, 36) and the laser detector (10), wherein the transmission reception light guide (16, 42a-d, 54) is operatively connected to a light amplifier element (22).

Abstract: A device for detecting attacking guided missiles with optical seeker head and for generating a laser beam directed to such guided missile has an all-around seeker with a detector responding to thermal radiation from the guided missile, and a laser which points to the guided missile detected by the all-around seeker. A roll and pitch gimbal system is provided. A roll gimbal is rotatable relative to the structure about a roll axis. A pitch gimbal is rotatable relative to the roll gimbal about a pitch axis orthogonal to the roll axis. The detector is structure-fixed. An imaging optical system is mounted on the roll and pitch gimbal system. The optical system with its optical axis can point to an object scenario. With each position of the gimbal system, an image of this object scenario is generated on the detector. The laser is also structure-fixed.

Abstract: A device for detecting attacking guided missiles with optical seeker head and for generating a laser beam directed to such guided missile has an all-around seeker with a detector responding to thermal radiation from the guided missile, and a laser which points to the guided missile detected by the all-around seeker. A roll and pitch gimbal system is provided. A roll gimbal is rotatable relative to the structure about a roll axis. A pitch gimbal is rotatable relative to the roll gimbal about a pitch axis orthogonal to the roll axis. The detector is structure-fixed. An imaging optical system is mounted on the roll and pitch gimbal system. The optical system with its optical axis can point to an object scenario. With each position of the gimbal system, an image of this object scenario is generated on the detector. The laser is also structure-fixed.

Abstract: A multi-chamber tube for a heat exchanger arrangement of a motor vehicle has at least two chamber sections which extend parallel to each other and side-by-side. Different liquid or gaseous heat transfer media are used in the chamber sections which have widths significantly greater than their heights. At least one chamber section has a greater height than at least one other chamber section. The multi-chamber tube is used in a coolant radiator and charge air cooler combination.

Abstract: A device for the detection of a continuous field of view or an arrangement of non-contiguous field of view sectors by means of an image resolving detector is provided such that the field of view sectors can be imaged quickly, one after the other, on the total area of the detector. To this end, a first imaging optical system ist provided, in the pupil of which a plurality of pupil areas is formed, each of which images a field of view sector on a common image plane area. A beam deflecting, microoptical beam deflecting element is arranged in the common image plane area. A second imaging optical system is arranged to image the microoptical beam deflecting element on the image resolving detector. The microoptical beam deflecting element is controllable such that it successively deflects beams from different pupil areas on the second imaging optical system.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming a tubular heat-exchanger header includes a tool die having a chamber dimensioned to receive the header, the chamber conforming to an outer peripheral contour of the header. A plurality of guide passages are formed through the tool die for insertion of a corresponding number of punches. The guide passages expose the areas of the header to be pierced for forming the openings. The ends of the tubular header are each sealed with a stopper. Fluid is supplied into the header using a fluid supply through one of the stoppers and the pressure is raised to a predetermined internal pressure. While the pressure is maintained, the punches are passed through the guide passages to simultaneously pierce through the header wall to form the openings. The header thus formed has an inwardly directed rim around each opening, which rim sealingly bears against the periphery of the punch to maintain the pressure during piercing.

Abstract: A three-lens objective has the following characteristics: A front lens consists of a first material of relatively low dispersion, a median lens consists of a second material of relatively larger dispersion, and a rear lens consists of a material of relatively low dispersion. The front lens has positive power, the median lens has negative power, and the rear lens has positive power. The spacing between front lens and median lens is substantially smaller than the distance between median lens and rear lens. Each of the lenses has at least one aspherical surface.

Abstract: A resiliently mounted ring laser gyro is dithered below its resonant frequency with a waveform differing from the sine waveform. This is achieved by a piezoelectric motor formed by several piezoelectric elements in a pile. The motor is acting tangentially on a support for the laser and the support takes the form of a strong biased torsion spring.

Abstract: A piezoelectrical control element consists of a package comprising a plurality of piezoceramic disks piled onto each other and of intermediately arranged electrodes whereat the package is loosely piled up and mechanically biased and held together by a resilient element.

Abstract: A metallurgical furnace with a discharge chute has a slide closure between the outlet of the furnace and the chute. The chute is preferably detachably secured to the slide closure, on movable parts thereof and can be pivotally supported thereon.