Abstract: A fuel injection system for internal combustion engines in which a high pressure fuel reservoir is provided, from which fuel is supplied to injection valves in an electrically controlled manner. In order to reduce damage which occurs when there are leaks from the high pressure reservoir, the high pressure reservoir is enclosed by a sheath that can capture the emerging leakage fuel.

Abstract: A method and a device for monitoring a fuel-metering system, in particular a common-rail system for a diesel fuel engine. A defect is recognized on the basis of an output signal from a structure-borne noise sensor.

Abstract: A device for controlling at least one electromagnetic load, which includes a first switching device arranged between a first terminal of a supply voltage and a first terminal of at least one load, and a second switching device arranged between a first terminal of an assigned load and the second terminal of the supply voltage. The energy released during the transition from a first higher current (IH) to a second lower current (IH) is stored in a storage device.

Abstract: A method for operating a fuel injection system and a fuel injection system for performing the method, in which the fuel is supplied in measurable amounts at high pressure to a high-pressure fuel reservoir, whose pressure is controlled by a pressure control valve and from which fuel is drawn for injection via electrically controlled injection valves. The system is monitored for leakage losses in that the fuel quantity supplied to the high-pressure fuel reservoir by a fuel pump and the quantity removed from the high-pressure fuel reservoir via the injection valves and the pressure control valve are compared with one another, and if these quantities deviate from one another a signal device is tripped, or an intervention into the operation of the fuel injection system is made.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric control arrangement for generating analog manipulated variables, having at least one basic controller circuit having a particular controller structure. The transfer function of the basic controller circuit, which is determined by the controller structure, is established with respect to magnitude by means of controller parameters and is supplied with an analog control-difference signal formed from desired value and actual value. A digital adjusting arrangement is provided for simple adaptation to the particular controlling task with the least possible complexity as to computation. The digital adjusting arrangement 34, on the basis of digital input quantities, selects at least one basic controller circuit 12 having a particular controller structure from several basic controller circuits 12 and switches this basic controller circuit 12 into the analog control loop and/or allows a variation of the controller parameters.

Abstract: In a pressure transducer (11), the diaphragm (14) is fastened at the front side of the housing (10) facing the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine by weld connections. The pressure acting on the diaphragm (14) is transmitted via the plunger (16) to a sensor block (18) including a plurality of piezoelectrically acting crystals (19, 20). The quartz disks (19, 20) are glued together with one another and with an intermediate electrode (21) as well as with the housing (10) of the pressure transducer (11) by a conducting glue. The plunger (14), the abutment (23) and the piezoelectrically acting crystals (19, 20) are connected in the housing (10) so that force transmission to the crystals (19, 20) occurs without mechanical pretensioning. The pressure transducer (11) is virtually free of dynamic temperature errors and enables a relatively exact determination of the pressure curve with respect to time in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine in long-term operation.

Abstract: A device for actuating a butterfly throttle valve of an internal combustion engine includes a hydraulic setting member for rotating a shaft of the throttle valve. The hydraulic setting member is driven by a branch flow of fuel delivered by a fuel pump and acting as pressure medium. The branch flow passes through a series of connection of adjustable throttles connected in a hydraulic bridge circuit. The throttles are adjusted by a regulating signal corresponding to the difference between an actual position signal delivered by a position sensor coupled to the throttle valve, and a desired position sensor coupled for example to a gas pedal of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: A valve assembly for controlling fluid flow between a fluid source and a load has an intake valve having a valve body displaceable between a closed position preventing flow through the intake valve and an open position permitting such flow and an output valve having a valve body displaceable between a closed position preventing flow through the output valve and an open position permitting such flow. Conduits or passages connect the valves in series between the load and the source so that fluid can only flow between the load and source when both of the valves are in their open positions. Respective biasing units urge each of the valves into one of its positions and respective electromagnet-type actuators are electrically energizable to move each valve into the other of its positions. The one position of one of the valves is the closed position and the one position of the other valve is the open position. In addition the two valves are substantially identical.

Abstract: To control the pressure p of an operating fluid in an automatic transmission (12), the input speed and output speed (n.sub.T, n.sub.out) of the transmission is sensed, and the pressure (p) is so controlled by a control unit (21) that the transmission ratio which is actually coupled by the transmission, in view of the pressure set by the friction bands, is carried out in accordance with a predetermined timing function (i.sub.com), for example as stored in a read-only memory (ROM, 24). Change in shifting characteristics can be obtained, for example, by operator-selected different time-engagement relationships to obtain maximum passenger comfort or maximum acceleration, or intermediate relationships.

Abstract: An electric control motor is proposed, which serves to adjust final control elements in closed- or open-loop control systems, in particular for varying the position of throttle devices provided for metering fuels in internal combustion engines. The control motor includes a housing, in which an electromagnetic coil and an armature are disposed, the armature being rotatably supported upon a shaft providing spaced air gaps therewith and with magnetic poles. The magnetic poles are disposed on arcuate conducting bodies, which are disposed in spaced relation on a nonmagnetic carrier body. At ends remote from the magnetic poles, the conducting bodies communicate with one another via a magnetically conductive plate.

Abstract: The respective wheels of a vehicle have transducers (11, 12) associated therewith which provide pulse trains (S1, S2) upon revolution of the wheels, the pulses being either "mark" pulses if the transducer senses "correct pressure", or "space" pulses if the transducer senses "low pressure". The pulses from all the transducers are logically combined in a NOR-gate (23), and the output is connected via a common junction (J) to the count or shift inputs of a group of shift registers (22). The shift registers are individually reset by the pulses from the individual transducers. Thus, if one of the transducers signals "low pressure" conditions, the particular shift register (22) will not be reset, and, upon shifting through to its terminal count, will provide respective output signals to individually connected indicators (27).

Abstract: An adjusting device for precise rotary angle adjustment of final control elements in closed- or open-loop control devices. The adjusting device comprises a rotary magnet apparatus in which parallel air gaps are formed between the poles of the armature and the magnet poles of the armature counterpart. In order to attain constant torques over the angle of rotation of the armature, when the electric current applied to the coil is constant, the end faces of the armature poles are embodied as wedge-shaped.

Abstract: An apparatus for optimizing operating characteristics of an internal combustion engine on the basis of torque variations based on a test signal, wherein the maximum output torque is determined directly on the basis of the torque signal and the specific fuel consumption is determined indirectly from the torque signal via the efficiency. Either the maximum output torque or the minimum fuel consumption is optimized, depending on the engine load range. Additional apparatus is described for simultaneously optimizing the ignition angle on the basis of torque signals, wherein individual test signals are associated only with individual cylinders or groups of cylinders and the corresponding torque variations relating to the individual cylinders are ascertained and processed.

Abstract: An etched metal membrane has its rim laser-welded or electron-beam-welded to a ring made of the same kind of metal within which a central electrode is held by a metal-to-glass seal. The welding is done in vacuum to avoid the necessity of later evacuation. The pressure sensor capacitance thus formed is connected through an impedance converter to an oscillator circuit which provides an output frequency that varies with the sensed pressure. The inner surface of the central electrode is flush with the surface of the rim to which the membrane is welded to reduce variations in capacitance of the sensor, and any residual variations are compensated by a resistance balance in the evaluation circuit. The insensitivity of the system to temperature and its service life make it suitable for sensing the intake air pressure of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An insulating cup-shaped body (29) that is screwed into the rim (11) of a vehicle wheel prevents conduction of heat (generated by the brakes, for example) from heating the metallic body (16) that forms a reference pressure chamber closed off by a membrane (17) from the inflated interior of a vehicle tire. The membrane (17) is set slightly within the rim of the cup for protection during tire changes. The chamber and switch housing (16) and a spool (27) for the coil of a resonant circuit form a preassembled unit that is snapped into the insulating cup and cemented into place. The relatively large coil diameter adds to the economy of the device, permitting the use of a small capacitor. The temperature of the gas sealed in the reference pressure chamber (18) by closure of the filling bore with a steel ball (25) follows the temperature of the interior of the tire and reliably opens the resonant circuit if the tire pressure falls below a prescribed limit.

Abstract: To permit the use of molten glass in a sensor which has excellent characteristics with respect to capability of being melt-connected to a housing (11) while being pressure-resistant, a glass plug (12) is melt-connected to the housing (11) at a point remote from the end facing the combustion chamber; a quartz-glass rod (13), maintained in centered positioned in the housing by a powder or pulverized filling (15) of talcum, graphite, or spinel, is retained in the housing by a retention sleeve (16) pressing against a sealing O-ring (17); a bulge (13a) additionally contributes to maintaining the quartz-glass rod in position, and a spring washer (19) may be used, interposed between the quartz-glass rod (13) and the melted-in window (12) to accommodate differential expansion, under heating, of the filler (15) and the housing (11).

Abstract: A method is proposed for regulating the combustion of operating mixtures in the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines. The course of the light intensity of the light resulting from combustion in the combustion chamber is detected and evaluated over the course of combustion; reference control variables derived therefrom are formed for use by subsequently disposed closed-loop control devices of the engine.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatic arrest of the motor in a motor vehicle in conditions of standstill or near-standstill, for example when the motor reaches speeds at or below the stalling speed with an engaged drive line. In stop-and-go driving, the invention includes monitoring the vehicle speed, the motor speed and the state of actuation of the accelerator pedal and the clutch pedal. If a set of conditions is met, for example that the vehicle speed is below 3 kilometers per hour, and that neither the accelerator pedal nor the clutch pedal are depressed, and the engine temperature is sufficiently high, the apparatus of the invention automatically arrests the engine either by fuel shut-off or by ignition shut-off or both. A depression of the clutch pedal restarts the engine. The invention further provides for automatic fuel shut-off to the motor under the conditions of engine braking, i.e., operation with closed throttle and relatively high motor speed.

Abstract: The wheels at opposite ends of an axle - and which may be twin or tandem wheels -- each have a pressure switch and a tank circuit associated therewith, rotating with the wheel. The tank circuits includes a normally closed pressure-sensitive switch which, when the pressure in the respective tire drops below a certain value, opens the tank circuit. The coil of the tank circuit is coupled with a transducer coil connected to a blocking oscillator which, upon passage of the tank circuit, provides an output pulse. The frequency or recurrence rate of the output pulses from opposite ends of the wheels at an axle are compared in an integrating comparator and, if the frequencies differ after a predetermined integration time, provide an alarm signal. The integrator or a digital counter which should have a number of count stages, only the last one providing an alarm signal to allow for variation in frequency with normal tire pressure when the vehicle rounds a curve.