Abstract: The present disclosure provides a privacy application device and a method for operating the same. The privacy application device comprises a electro- or magnetophoretic medium and a controller, wherein the privacy application device is switchable between a transparent state and a non-transparent state. The method for operating the privacy application device comprises applying an alternating voltage to the electro- or magnetophoretic medium, controlling at least one of the amplitude and duration of the voltage to switch the privacy application device between a transparent state and a non-transparent state, and removing the voltage.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrically controllable optical device and a method for operating the same. The electrically controllable optical device comprises a multi-stable liquid crystal layer and a controller, wherein the electrically controllable optical device is switchable between a transparent state and a non-transparent state. The method for operating the electrically controllable optical device comprises applying a voltage to the multi-stable liquid crystal layer, controlling at least one of the amplitude, frequency and number of pulses of the voltage to switch the electrically controllable optical device between a transparent state and a non-transparent state, and removing the voltage.

Abstract: A vehicle wheel for a double-track vehicle or an external cover therefor is provided, having passage openings, particularly for a cooling air flow for a wheel brake provided on the interior side of the wheel, in the lateral projection. The passage openings have a width in the radial direction which changes when viewed in the circumferential direction such that, viewed against the rotating direction of the wheel when the vehicle is driving forward, the above-mentioned width Viewed in the radial direction, centers of the virtual segments of the passage opening which follow one another against the rotating direction move in the direction of the wheel center. As a result, the force as well as the lever arm of the drag is reduced, so that a moment of resistance is obtained which is significantly decreased. The passage openings are preferably bounded by spokes extending essentially in the radial direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vehicle wheel for a double-track vehicle or an external cover therefor, having passage openings, particularly for a cooling air flow for a wheel brake provided on the interior side of the wheel, in the lateral projection, the passage openings having a width in the radial direction which changes when viewed in the circumferential direction such that, viewed against the rotating direction of the wheel when the vehicle is driving forward, the above-mentioned width decreases, and in that the—viewed in the radial direction—centers of the virtual segments of the passage opening which follow one another against the rotating direction move quasi (virtually) in the direction of the wheel center. As a result, the force as well as the lever arm of the drag is reduced, so that a moment of resistance is obtained which is significantly decreased. The passage openings are preferably bounded by spokes extending essentially in the radial direction.