Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a multi-layer substrate, said substrate comprising a multifunctional coating, and to the use of the substrate produced by this method.

Abstract: For an optimized metering of fuel and water for the operation of an internal combustion engine in which a direct injection and an intake manifold injection are provided for metering fuel into the internal combustion engine, and in which the internal combustion engine is assigned a system for water injection, a same intake manifold injector is used for both water and fuel injection.

Abstract: In a method for operating an internal combustion engine with intake manifold injection and direct injection, a value of at least one parameter that is correlated with an exhaust gas of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine and that is influenced by purging of uncombusted fuel through the combustion chamber into the exhaust gas is ascertained, and, if it is concluded, based on the ascertained value of the at least one parameter, that uncombusted fuel is purged, at least one operating parameter for filling the combustion chamber is adjusted.

Abstract: In a method for operating an internal combustion engine with intake manifold injection and direct injection, a value of at least one parameter that is correlated with an exhaust gas of a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine and that is influenced by purging of uncombusted fuel through the combustion chamber into the exhaust gas is ascertained, and, if it is concluded, based on the ascertained value of the at least one parameter, that uncombusted fuel is purged, at least one operating parameter for filling the combustion chamber is adjusted.

Abstract: For an optimized metering of fuel and water for the operation of an internal combustion engine in which a direct injection and an intake manifold injection are provided for metering fuel into the internal combustion engine, and in which the internal combustion engine is assigned a system for water injection, a same intake manifold injector is used for both water and fuel injection.

Abstract: A method for ascertaining a cause of an fault in an injection system of an internal combustion engine having manifold and direct injections as injection types includes, if a fault exists in at least one first combustion process in an injection system associated with a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, replacing a first of the two injection types used in the at least one first combustion process with a second of the two injection types in at least one second combustion process, and, identifying the first injection type as the cause responsive to the fault no longer being detected in the second combustion process.

Abstract: A method for detecting a fault during operation of an internal combustion engine having manifold injection and direct injection; the internal combustion engine being controlled in two different combustion cycles, in each instance, for introducing a fuel quantity and a corresponding air quantity into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, with different distributions of the fuel quantity to the manifold injection and the direct injection in the two combustion cycles; for each of the two combustion cycles, a value of a ratio of the air quantity introduced into the combustion chamber to the fuel quantity introduced into the combustion chamber being ascertained; and if at least one of the two values differs from a corresponding comparison value by more than a first threshold value, a type of fault during operation of the internal combustion engine being deduced in light of the difference.

Abstract: A fuel injector configured as a high-pressure injection valve for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber includes: a housing having an housing end face on the combustion chamber side; an actuator; a valve-closure member operable by the actuator; at least one outlet orifice in the housing end face on the combustion chamber side for the fuel, the valve-closure member selectively closing or opening the outlet orifice; and a ring provided round about the outlet orifice in the housing end face on the combustion chamber side.

Abstract: A fuel injector configured as a high-pressure injection valve for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber includes: a housing having an housing end face on the combustion chamber side; an actuator; a valve-closure member operable by the actuator; at least one outlet orifice in the housing end face on the combustion chamber side for the fuel, the valve-closure member selectively closing or opening the outlet orifice; and a ring provided round about the outlet orifice in the housing end face on the combustion chamber side.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of apparatus, systems, and methods relating to mounting antenna components, modules, assemblies, etc. to mounting surfaces, such as vehicle roofs, hoods, trunk lids, etc. Other aspects relate to antenna assemblies including the mounting apparatus. An exemplary embodiment generally includes one or more contact parts, a clamping piece, and a fastener. The one or more contact parts, clamping piece, and fastener may be used for mounting an antenna assembly to a mounting surface, such as a vehicle body wall (e.g., a vehicle's roof, hood, trunk lid, etc.).

Abstract: A fuel-injection system for direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber through a combustion-chamber top arranged opposite a piston has a fuel injector which includes an actuable valve-closure member. The valve-closure member cooperates with a valve-seat surface to form a sealing seat. A multitude of spray-discharge orifices generates a spray cloud, each spray-discharge orifice generating a fuel jet, and the multitude of fuel jets generating the spray cloud in the combustion chamber. A first opening angle of the spray cloud in a first plane is greater than a second opening angle in a second plane extending perpendicular to the first plane.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are exemplary embodiments of apparatus, systems, and methods relating to mounting antenna components, modules, assemblies, etc. to mounting surfaces, such as vehicle roofs, hoods, trunk lids, etc. Other aspects relate to antenna assemblies including the mounting apparatus. An exemplary embodiment generally includes one or more contact parts, a clamping piece, and a fastener. The one or more contact parts, clamping piece, and fastener may be used for mounting an antenna assembly to a mounting surface, such as a vehicle body wall (e.g., a vehicle's roof, hood, trunk lid, etc.).

Abstract: A fuel-injection system for direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber through a combustion-chamber top arranged opposite a piston has a fuel injector which includes an actuable valve-closure member. The valve-closure member cooperates with a valve-seat surface to form a sealing seat. A multitude of spray-discharge orifices generates a spray cloud, each spray-discharge orifice generating a fuel jet, and the multitude of fuel jets generating the spray cloud in the combustion chamber. A first opening angle of the spray cloud in a first plane is greater than a second opening angle in a second plane extending perpendicular to the first plane.

Abstract: A fuel injector having an integrated ignition device includes a first electrode pair for igniting fuel which is injected directly into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion chamber through spray-discharge orifices of the fuel injector. The first electrode pair is made up of a ground electrode and a center electrode which are set apart by a spark gap. The fuel injector and the ignition device are situated in a shared housing. The ignition device has at least one additional spark gap and/or an additional electrode pair.

Abstract: A fuel injector having an integrated spark plug is provided, the fuel injector providing direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, and the spark plug for igniting the fuel injected into the combustion chamber. Also provided is a spark-plug insulator that insulates a first electrode and a second electrode which is set apart from the first electrode by a spark gap, the fuel injector and the spark-plug insulator of the spark plug being arranged in a shared housing. The spark gap has a width of 50 to 300 ?m and is disposed in front of the fuel injector at a distance of 3 to 10 mm.

Abstract: A fuel injector having an integrated spark plug is provided, the fuel injector providing direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, and the spark plug for igniting the fuel injected into the combustion chamber. Also provided is a spark-plug insulator that insulates a first electrode and a second electrode which is set apart from the first electrode by a spark gap, the fuel injector and the spark-plug insulator of the spark plug being arranged in a shared housing. The spark gap has a width of 50 to 300 ?m and is disposed in front of the fuel injector at a distance of 3 to 10 mm.

Abstract: A housing cover for closing an open side of a housing includes a dish-shaped sheet metal cover body provided with a central opening for the passage of a shaft; a bottom plate forming part of the cover body and having opposite first and second radial surfaces; and a plurality of spaced holes in the bottom plate for providing passages for respective bolts, each having a bolt head with an underface, for securing the cover body to the housing. In an installed state of the housing cover, the first radial surface of the bottom plate is oriented towards the housing and the second radial surface of the bottom plate is oriented towards the underface of the respective bolt.