Abstract: Process and device for obtaining fatty acids or fatty acid esters from native oils and fats by their enzymatic hydrolysis and optional simultaneous esterification with alcohols, especially n- and iso-alcohols Process and device for obtaining fatty acids or fatty acid esters from native oils and fats, in which lipases, as biocatalysts for hydrolysis of oils or fats, are caused to act on a mixture of an oil or fat, water, and optionally an oil- or fat-soluble alcohol to hydrolyze the oil or fat and optionally to form an ester, where the reaction mixture thus formed is placed in an self-discharging centrifuge for separation into a glycerol-containing aqueous phase and an organic phase, the centrifuge is adjusted so that a lipase-enriched intermediate phase collects in the centrifuge between the aqueous that is drained off and the organic phase that is drained off, and the centrifuge is emptied at specified times and the discharged drum contents from the centrifuge are returned to the combined hydrolysis or optio

Abstract: A method for the production of fatty acid esters of primary and/or secondary alcohols from raw, unpurified oils or fats containing free fatty acids and slimy substances or from waste oils loaded with free fatty acids from the food industry. Acidic catalytic esterification is performed on the free fatty acids along with extensive deactivation of the slimy substances present with respect to the disadvantageous emulsion-forming property thereof, whereby a water-free primary and/or secondary alcohol and a highly acidic hygroscopic catalyst are added to the starting substance in the form of crude oil or fat or waste oil, the reaction product is rinsed with glycol from a prior alkaline transesterification, whereupon alkaline transesterification occurs for the unmodified remaining glyceridically bound fatty acids in the reaction product of the acidic-catalytic esterification process.

Abstract: A method for pretreating crude oils and fats for subsequent alkaline transesterification with primary and/or secondary alcohols. The raw oil or fat loaded with slimy substances is treated with a mixture used at 0.15 wt. % in relation to the oil or fat comprising an alcohol and concentrated acid, and preferably is subsequently rinsed with an alkaline glycerol phase arising from an alkaline transesterification reaction of the above-mentioned type. After the rinsing process, the glycerol phase which is loaded with slimy substances and soaps of free fatty acids is separated as a heavy phase of neutral oil liberated from free fatty acids.

Abstract: Method for the enzymatic splitting of oils and fats for obtaining fatty acids and glycerol by using lipases being added to a mixture containing an oil or fat and water, wherein the splitting reaction is performed only up to a splitting degree at which slowing-down of the splitting reaction is still below a preset value using discontinuously operated loop reactors, wherein the fatty acids to be obtained are separated from the reaction mixture that is only partially split, by first separating an aqueous glycerol-containing phase from a partially split organic phase containing split fatty acids, in a self-cleaning centrifugal separator and, afterwards, the fatty acids are separated from the partially split organic phase and the residue of the organic phase freed from the free fatty acids is fed back into the splitting process.

Abstract: A method for the production of fatty acid esters of primary and/or secondary alcohols from raw, unpurified oils or fats containing free fatty acids and slimy substances or from waste oils loaded with free fatty acids from the food industry. Acidic catalytic esterification is performed on the free fatty acids along with extensive deactivation of the slimy substances present with respect to the disadavantageous emulsion-forming property thereof, whereby a water-free primary and/or secondary alcohol and a highly acidic hygroscopic catalyst are added to the starting substance in the form of crude oil or fat or waste oil, the reaction product is rinsed with glycol from a prior alkaline transesterification, whereupon alkaline transesterification occurs for the unmodified remaining glyceridically bound fatty acids in the reaction product of the acidic-catalytic esterification process.

Abstract: A method for pretreating crude oils and fats for subsequent alkaline transesterification with primary and/or secondary alcohols. The raw oil or fat loaded with slimy substances is treated with a mixture used at 0.15 wt. % in relation to the oil or fat comprising an alcohol and concentrated acid, and preferably is subsequently rinsed with an alkaline glycerol phase arising from an alkaline transesterification reaction of the above-mentioned type. After the rinsing process, the glycerol phase which is loaded with slimy substances and soaps of free fatty acids is separated as a heavy phase of neutral oil liberated from free fatty acids.

Abstract: A process for carrying out a multi-phase reaction in a continuously operated tube reactor operated according to the counter current principle in which reactor components of a liquid phase flowing downwards as a thin film in said tube reactor and components of a continuous gas flowing upward in said tube reactor are brought to material transfer, or reaction respectively. The gas phase is pulsed, by repeated temporary pressure lowering at the gas entry into said tube reactor and/or repeated temporary pressure increase at the gas exit from said tube reactor, to counteract film thickness growth and liquid phase stagnation.

Abstract: Method for the enzymatic splitting of oils and fats for obtaining fatty acids and glycerol by using lipases being added to a mixture containing an oil or fat and water, wherein the splitting reaction is performed only up to a splitting degree at which slowing-down of the splitting reaction is still below a preset value using discontinuously operated loop reactors, wherein the fatty acids to be obtained are separated from the reaction mixture that is only partially split, by first separating an aqueous glycerol-containing phase from a partially split organic phase containing split fatty acids, in a self-cleaning centrifugal separator and, afterwards, the fatty acids are separated from the partially split organic phase and the residue of the organic phase freed from the free fatty acids is fed back into the splitting process.

Abstract: A method is described for producing saturated dicarboxylic acids with a chain length of C6 to C21 or the corresponding diamidic dicarboxylic acids from fatty acid cleavage of unsaturated fatty acids or the bis-fatty acid diamides of these unsaturated fatty acids by oxidative ozonolysis and subsequent separation and purification of the dicarboxylic acids, whereby after oxidative ozonolysis, the reaction products are dissolved at a high temperature in a carboxylic acid or a mixture of several carboxylic acids with a medium chain length of C6 to C12 or esters of short-chain alcohols of these carboxylic acids as the recrystallization solvent.

Abstract: A method is described for producing saturated dicarboxylic acids with a chain length of C6 to C21 or the corresponding diamidic dicarboxylic acids from fatty acid cleavage of unsaturated fatty acids or the bis-fatty acid diamides of these unsaturated fatty acids by oxidative ozonolysis and subsequent separation and purification of the dicarboxylic acids, whereby after oxidative ozonolysis, the reaction products are dissolved at a high temperature in a carboxylic acid or a mixture of several carboxylic acids with a medium chain length of C6 to C12 or esters of short-chain alcohols of these carboxylic acids as the recrystallization solvent.

Abstract: A method is described for producing saturated dicarboxylic acids with a chain length of C6 to C21 or the corresponding diamidic dicarboxylic acids from fatty acid cleavage of unsaturated fatty acids or the bis-fatty acid diamides of these unsaturated fatty acids by oxidative ozonolysis and subsequent separation and purification of the dicarboxylic acids, whereby after oxidative ozonolysis, the reaction products are dissolved at a high temperature in a carboxylic acid or a mixture of several carboxylic acids with a medium chain length of C6 to C12 or esters of short-chain alcohols of these carboxylic acids as the recrystallization solvent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for extracting hydrophobic compounds from substantially fat-, oil-, and wax-free substance mixtures by using at least one non-polar extraction solvent in conjunction with at least one water-soluble organic solvent wherein the extraction solvent containing the hydrophobic compound can be recovered as the upper phase in a phase separation.

Abstract: The extraction of native products is rendered difficult by the fact that attraction forces act between the liquid native products which are not water-soluble and the tissue incorporating them, and that other constituents are dissolved or present in the form of particles in suspension in the products during the extraction process. The initial substance mixture is, therefore, processed together with a water-soluble, organic solvent and optionally water to form a paste. The addition of the water-soluble, organic solvent enables the substance mixture to be separated cleanly into an aqueous phase and an organic phase in the centrifugal field, no further cleaning being necessary for the organic phase. The process according to the invention has a wide area of application. In principle, it can be applied to all substance mixtures containing liquid, organic substances, in particular to vegetable and animal tissue.

Abstract: A process for producing a starch intermediate product in which the reactive hydroxy groups are activated by swelling and disintegrating starch with dilute aqueous-alkali lye, precipitating the disintegrated starch from an aqueous-alkali solution by adding a precipitant which is miscible with water, separating the precipitated disintegrated starch, which exists in a highly activated form, from the filtrate producing a starch intermediate product, and drying the starch intermediate product. A starch intermediate product produced by this process results in a starch which exists in a highly activated form but which is stable in storage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water-resistant, thermoplastic starch materials processable into environmentally safe, thermoplastically produced products and cast sheets, which consist of starch acyl compounds, obtainable from high amylose starches and the derivatives thereof and being sparingly soluble in water, and of plasticizers which like ethyl citrate, glycerol acetate and lactic acid ester have a gelatinizing effect and preferably a dissolution property resulting in brilliant transparence and, as can be proved, are biodegradable.

Abstract: A process for producing a starch intermediate product in which the reactive hydroxy groups are activated by swelling and disintegrating starch with dilute aqueous-alkali lye, precipitating the disintegrated starch from an aqueous-alkali solution by adding a precipitant which is miscible with water, separating the precipitated disintegrated starch, which exists in a highly activated form, from the filtrate producing a starch intermediate product, and drying the starch intermediate product. A starch intermediate product produced by this process results in a starch which exists in a highly activated form but which is stable in storage.

Abstract: A process for producing a triglyceride mix free from components hampering further processing from a vegetable oil as a starting material, which is cooled and then separated into a predominantly solid and a predominantly liquid phase. The vegetable oil used as starting material is one in which a predetermined reactive fatty acid predominates in the fatty acid pattern with a content of at least about 80%. The cooling temperature of the cooling step is so adjusted that the particularly hard to solidify or readily soluble triglycerides in the starting material remain at least substantially liquid or in solution. In one embodiment, the solid phase obtained after the first separation step is then dissolved and cooled in a second cooling step to a temperature different from an initial temperature step at which the easier to solidify or less soluble triglycerides bearing less reactive groups separate out.

Abstract: The invention relates to special amyloses for producing biodegradable, clear, transparent and flexible plastic, in particular sheets and films, whicha) are swellable, but not soluble, in cold water;b) yield homogenous, flowable quasi-solutions without formation of gels if they are heated, with stirring, to temperatures above 80.degree. C., at atmospheric pressure; during cooling to a temperature of 50.degree. C., this state is maintained for at least five minutes, without gel formation or retrogradation, and the solution in a concentration between 5 and 25% is applicable to knife coating onto a plane surface with a gap width between 100 and 700 .mu.m.

Abstract: Water-resistant, thermoplastic starch materials which are processable into environmentally safe, thermoplastically produced products and cast sheets. They consist of starch acyl compounds, obtainable from high amylose starches and their derivatives (being sparingly soluble in water), and of plasticizers (like citric acid ethyl ester, glycerol acetate and lactic acid ester), which have a gelatinizing effect, and preferably, a dissolution property resulting in brilliant transparence and, as can be proved, are biodegradable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new kind of hydroxyfatty-acid-based monomers which are suited for producing plastics and which are obtained by reacting the esters of hydroxyl-group-containing fatty acids or the esters or salts of amino-group-containing fatty acids with appropriate bifunctional compounds that are capable of reacting with hydroxyl or amino groups, the reaction being such that always two molecules of such fatty acid esters are linked together via the hydroxyl groups or the amino groups by means of the bifunctional compound.