Abstract: An apparatus for light transport measurements on a test object with a measuring head which includes a contact surface for placing against an interface of the test object, light irradiation device with a light transmitter for irradiating light through the contact surface and an interface into the test object, and detection device with a light receiver for detecting light leaving the test object. The contact surface comprises at least one optically transparent light passage point for the light, on which a large number of rigid light-conducting elements are arranged, wherein an optical connection with a light transmitter or light receiver assigned to a light passage point is produced by the whole of the light-conducting elements of the light passage site.

Abstract: Test carrier analysis system for the analytical determination of a component of a sample fluid, in particular of a body fluid. The system comprises test carriers (1) with a color formation layer (5) which is attached movably to the test carrier. The color formation layer is in the initial state of the test carrier not in fluid contact with a fluid reservoir layer (4) likewise attached to the test carrier, but can be pressed against the latter by external manipulation. The system also incorporates an evaluation apparatus with a pressure element (10a) for the pressing of the color formation layer (5) and a control unit (25) for controlling the apparatus functions.

Abstract: Apparatus for sensing test values at test samples which uses an elastically supported mechanical sensor (3) moving relative to test samples (4) and at least one test value transmitter (11) with counter (9) detecting the relative motion between the sensor (3) and the test samples. At the instant of impact between sensor (3) and the test samples (4), a signal is generated which is used to store the test value present at the test value transmitter (11) at the instant of impact between the sensor (3) and the test samples (4) into a memory (13a,13b). The sensor consists of one part (2') which is fixed to the housing and other part (2") which is movable with respect to the fixed one. An oscillation or acceleration pickup (10) is mounted externally to the moving part (3) and generates the signal required to store the test value.A circuit (14) is provided to the oscillation or acceleration pickup (10) to distinguish between actual sensing signals and spurious ones.

Abstract: A photographic camera with an electrical circuit for generating an electric signal proportional to the relative motion between the object sighted and the camera. The camera has a control circuit which receives the generated signal and provides an output signal which is fed to a display and/or control device. An indicator is provided to the user of the camera for indicating whether the exposure time is set too long for the relative motion present between the object and the camera. Automatic control of the camera is also provided. Individual photosensor elements are arranged in two alternately connected groups within the electrical circuit. The individual photosensor elements may also be arranged in two substantially perpendicular directions to provide a relative motion signal corresponding to two dimensional movement between the object to the photographed and the camera.

Abstract: An automatic focusing device is disclosed which focuses an object onto an image plane. The device comprises an optical correlator which includes: a first focusing member, an optical fiber means, a grating structure and photoelectric receiving means. The device further comprises control means, motor means, and means for adjusting the first focusing means.A probe is disclosed which comprises an elongated tubular member; a first focusing means; an optical fiber bundle; a grating structure; photoelectric receiving means; means for focusing light received from the grating structure; and display means for electrically displaying the position of the probe.Also, a method of determining optimum focus position of a probe is disclosed which comprises passing the light image of an object through a bundle of optical fibers in the probe to form an image of the object.