Abstract: A method for biochemical analysis uses a micro-reaction array with at least two reaction chambers for materials which react together chemically or biochemically. The reaction chambers are smaller than 1 ?l, the reaction chambers are filled together by throughflow, the chemical or biochemical reactions of the substances retained therein then occurs in the individual isolated reaction chambers, thus preventing an interference between the reactions in the individual reaction chambers and the reaction products remain enclosed in the relevant reaction chambers. In the system the planar array has at least two reaction chambers for substances, whereby the reaction chambers are closed with the goal of preventing an exchange of substances.

Abstract: This invention relates to a sensor for the detection of liquid ingredients with a carrier element (10), a sensor element (1) on the carrier element (10) and a sensor array, which is disposed on the surface of the sensor element and contains one or more electrodes (2), which are in electrical contact (4) with the corresponding deflection surfaces (3), which are also on the surface of the sensor element (1), but otherwise not electrically connected to the carrier element (10).

Abstract: An electric sensor array which is provided with several sensor positions that each have at least two microelectrodes. Molecular substances can be detected electrochemically and charged molecules can be transported or handled using the array. Measuring procedures can be effected, especially using two addressing procedures, in which sensor positions can be individually addressed and electrochemically or electrically controlled by pairing or in groups for voltage or impedance measurements. For biomolecular assays, affinity-binding molecules can be immobilized at the sensor positions, between the microelectrodes, or on auxiliary surfaces.

Abstract: This invention regards a sensor for the detection of liquid ingredients with a carrier element (10), a sensor element (1) on the carrier element (10) and a sensor array, which is disposed on the surface of the sensor element and contains one or more electrodes (2), which are in electrical contact (4) with the corresponding deflection surfaces (3), which are also on the surface of the sensor element (1), but otherwise not electrically connected to the carrier element (10).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a detection system for detecting different analytes in a sample, characterised by the following steps: providing a planar or essentially planar substrate which has sensors for chemically, optically or electrically detecting the analytes; applying an already microstructured layer to the substrate or applying a continuous layer to the substrate and microstructuring said layer, the layer being applied in such a way in either case that the areas of the substrate that are separated from each other are not covered by the layer, the layer and substrate being sealingly interconnected at least around the uncovered areas; bringing at least some of the uncovered areas into contact with at least one liquid containing catcher molecules, in such a way that said catcher molecules are able to adhere or bond to the surface of the substrate and/or on the surface of the sensors; removing the non-adhering constituents of the liquid and removing the microstructured layer or parts th

Abstract: The invention provides a mechanically stable substrate having at least one through-opening, a perforated membrane which is integral or fluid-tightly connected with the substrate and which extends across the through-opening, and at least one semi-permeable layer which is applied in firmly adhering manner to one or both sides of the membrane, at least in the perforated region thereof, in that the semi-permeable layer or semi-permeable layers is/are secured mechanically in the adjacent perforations and/or by chemical-structural and/or physical adhesion and/or adhesive intermediate layers and/or covalent surface bonding to the adjacent surfaces of the membrane, optionally of the substrate, or of a metallic film optionally additionally applied to one or both sides of the membrane. The invention further provides a process for the production of this sensor- and/or separating element and the use thereof.

Abstract: A method for biochemical analysis uses a micro-reaction array with at least two reaction chambers for materials which react together chemically or biochemically. The reaction chambers are smaller than 1 &mgr;l, the reaction chambers are filled together by throughflow, the chemical or biochemical reactions of the substances retained therein then occurs in the individual isolated reaction chambers, thus preventing an interference between the reactions in the individual reaction chambers and the reaction products remain enclosed in the relevant reaction chambers. In the system the planar array has at least two reaction chambers for substances, whereby the reaction chambers are closed with the goal of preventing an exchange of substances.

Abstract: An immunochemical and molecular biologic endpoint reporter system in which reaction products, coupled to electrochemically active molecules susceptible to redox recycling or coupled to enzymes capable of proportional generation of said electrochemically active molecules, are detected and/or quantitated using amperiometry in conjunction with a silicon microchip possessing a closely spaced interdigitated array of nobel metal electrodes.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for detecting molecules or molecule complexes. A measurement probe is brought into contact with an ultramicroelectrode arrangement comprising at least two electrode structures configured in such a way that the distances between the different structures lie in the ultramicro range; an alternating electrical field is created by application of an electrical potential; and the current or potential fluctuations caused by species present or created in the measurement probe are measured.

Abstract: The invention provides a mechanically stable substrate having at least one through-opening, a perforated membrane which is integral or fluid-tightly connected with the substrate and which extends across the through-opening, and at least one semi-permeable layer which is applied in firmly adhering manner to one or both sides of the membrane, at least in the perforated region thereof, in that the semi-permeable layer or semi-permeable layers is/are secured mechanically in the adjacent perforations and/or by chemical-structural and/or physical adhesion and/or adhesive intermediate layers and/or covalent surface bonding to the adjacent surfaces of the membrane, optionally of the substrate, or of a metallic film optionally additionally applied to one or both sides of the membrane. The invention further provides a process for the production of this sensor- and/or separating element and the use thereof.

Abstract: An implantable apparatus for the early diagnosis of tachycardia in the heart is provided witha microelectrode array, which is in contact with the cardiac muscle tissue, for detecting stimulus conduction potentials in the cardiac muscle tissue,a measuring device, which is in connection with the microelectrode array, for determining the refractory time of the cardiac muscle cells in the monitored cardiac region,a measuring device, which is in connection with the microelectrode array, for determining the stimulus conduction velocity in the monitored cardiac muscle region,a computing device for determining the product value of the refractory time and the stimulus conduction velocity,a comparator for comparing the product value with a tachycardia threshold, any falling short of the tachycardia threshold signaling a condition of the heart in risk of tachycardia,a stimulation arrangement for generating antitachycardia stimulation upon detection of a condition of risk of tachycardia in particular via the microelectro

Abstract: A process is provided for the electrochemical analysis of compounds of solutions, such as can, e.g., be used in chemical analysis or for control measurements in industrial and environmental sectors. Identification or detection of individual substances takes place by the deposition thereof on electrodes and subsequent detection of the deposited substances. In the process, use is made of a plurality of electrodes. The substances to be identified from the solution are so simultaneously deposited on the electrodes that each electrode is coated with a different substance or substance mixture. Then, the deposited substances are simultaneously identified on the individual electrodes. Thus, the measuring time is significantly shortened and the risk of faulty measurements due to interactions between the substances to be identified on the electrodes is significantly reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrochemical sensor with interdigital micro-electrodes (1) with structure widths in the sub-.mu.m range. With a twin or multi-pair array of the interdigital micro-electrodes on a substrate (8), the electrochemical detection of molecules with high sensitivity is made possible and further uses for the detection of chemical reaction cycles are made available. The electrodes may be arranged in a micro-channel applied to the substrate having a constant small volume of a few nanoliters. The electrochemical sensor of the invention is suitable for the multiple measurement of the same species of molecule or as a multi-sensitive sensor in chemical analysis and process control in various fields such as biotechnology, environmental protection or health.