Abstract: A semiconductor chip package is disclosed comprising a semiconductor chip, a lead frame comprising at least one lead, and an encapsulating layer at least partially encapsulating the semiconductor chip and the lead frame. The lead comprises a first portion defining a lead frame pad at least partially exposed at an exterior surface of the package and a second portion extending from the first portion towards the semiconductor chip electrically connecting a surface portion of the semiconductor chip to the lead frame pad. The first portion has a first thickness and the second portion comprises a thinned portion, the thinned portion having a thickness smaller than the first thickness. The lead further comprises a bent portion, and wherein the thinned portion comprises at least part of the bent portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling plate made of copper or a low-alloy copper alloy for metallurgic furnaces provided with high-strength sheet steel on the outside of the furnace. Said cooling plate has at least one, preferably at least two, coolant channels which extend inside the cooling plate, whereby coolant tube pieces used for feeding the coolant and discharging said coolant extend through the high-strength sheet steel of the furnace and are guided in an outer direction. Retaining tubes are arranged on the cooling plate and are provided with retaining disks which are arranged outside the high-strength sheet steel of the furnace and which fix the cooling plate in the direction of the inside of the furnace. The retaining tubes and retaining disks are preferably made of steel.

Abstract: In a method for producing a hot CO- and H2-containing reducing gas serving for the reduction of fine-grained metal ore, in particular iron ore, the reducing gas is formed in a gasification zone by a gasification of carbon carriers, in particular coal, taking place under the supply of oxygen and subsequently is cooled down to a reducing-gas temperature favorable to the reduction process. In order to produce a thermodynamically more stable reducing gas, the reducing gas by the addition of H2O and/or CO2—in order to prevent the Boudouard and heterogeneous water-gas reaction and a resultant heating of the reducing gas—is converted to a reducing gas that is thermodynamically more stable at the reducing-gas temperature.

Abstract: A method for producing a hot CO- and H2-containing reducing gas utilized for the reduction of lumpy metal ore, in particular iron ore, which comprises forming the reducing gas in a gasification zone by the gasification of carbon carriers, in particular coal, taking place in the presence of a supply of oxygen and subsequently cooling the reducing gas down to a reducing-gas temperature favorable to the reduction process, wherein H2O and/or CO2 is added to a reducing gas which has been subjectged to a cooling operation that does not effect an addition of H2O/CO2 in order to prevent the Boudouard and heterogeneous water-gas reaction and a resultant heating of the reducing gas, wherein the reducing gas is converted to a reducing gas that is thermodynamically more stable at the reducing-gas temperature.

Abstract: A process for continuous conveying of a fine-grained and/or pulverized solid to two or more target points by a conveying medium, e.g. gas. The solid is charged into a distribution vessel and from there to several target points by respective supply lines each at a desired target flow rate intended for target point. The target flow rate for each target point is divided into at least two partial target flow rates from the distribution vessel via separate partial supply lines. The partial target flow rates are reunited at the respective target points at the latest. To adjust the target flow rate at a target point at a specific level, individual partial supply lines leading to this target point are alternatively kept shut-off or open.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of starting a plant for the production of pig iron or steel pre-material including a direct-reduction shaft furnace and a meltdown gasifier.At first the still empty meltdown gasifier is heated up by aid of a combustible gas and the smoke gases forming are introduced into the still empty direct-reduction shaft furnace.Coke or a degassed coal product is charged into the direct-reduction shaft furnace and the smoke gases introduced into the direct-reduction shaft furnace are passed through the coke or the degassed coal product by releasing their sensible heat.The coke or the degassed coal product thereby is heated to ignition temperature and is charged into the meltdown gasifier in the hot state, catching fire upon the injection of an oxygen-containing gas or of oxygen.A further coal or coke bed serving for gasification is charged on the ignited bed of coke or degassed coal product and the charging substances are charged into the direct-reduction shaft furnace.