Abstract: The present invention relates to determining changes in the X-ray emission yield of an X-ray tube, in particular determining dose degradation. In order to provide determination of such changes, an X-ray source is provided comprising a cathode, an anode; and at least one X-ray sensor (16). The cathode emits electrons towards the anode and the anode comprises a target area on which the electrons impinge, generating X-ray radiation. An X-ray barrier (24) is provided with an aperture (26) for forming an emitting X-ray beam from the X-ray radiation, wherein the emitting X-ray beam has a beam formation (30) with a central axis. The at least one X-ray sensor is arranged within the beam formation and measures the X-ray intensity for a specific direction of X-ray emission with an angle with respect to the central axis. The at least one X-ray sensor can be positioned inside the beam formation (30), but outside the “actual field of view” (40) as determined by a diaphragm (36).

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the invention, signals coming from a number of pixels or sub-pixels are compared and those signals from pixels or sub-pixels, which are substantially brighter than the other pixels in the comparison, are excluded from contributing to the output signal, to suppress direct detection events in X-ray detectors. For this an X-ray detector apparatus (101) can comprise: —an array (102) of pixel arrangements (303), —each pixel arrangement (303) comprising at least one radiation collection device (311) for converting incident radiation into a collection device signal, —switching arrangements (313, 324, 314, 142; 313, 315, 314, 352, 142; 313, 315, 314; 361) for providing to respectively one output element (141) a signal derived from the collection device signals of a plurality of radiation collection devices (311) of at least one pixel arrangement (303).

Abstract: The application describes an X-ray detector for use in a medical equipment, wherein the detector comprises an unit for transforming X-ray radiation into electrical charge, a first capacitor for being charged by an electrical charge, wherein the first capacitor is electrically connected to the unit for transforming, a second capacitor for being charged by an electrical charge, and a first gain switching gate, wherein the second capacitor is electrically connected with the unit for transforming if the first gain switching gate is in on-state, wherein the detector is adapted to switch on the first gain switching gate for short periods. Further the application describes an X-ray system comprising a detector according to the invention, wherein the system is adapted for gain selection, wherein the detector is adapted to switch on the first gain switching gate for short periods.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic wave resonator comprising a substrate, a Bragg reflector, a top and a bottom electrode and a piezoelectric layer with means for suppression of the pass-band ripples in a bulk acoustic wave filter. The means for absorbing or scattering the spurious modes are a roughened rear side of the substrate, an absorbing layer disposed on the rear side of the substrate and/or an absorbing layer disposed on the front side of the substrate.

Abstract: Scattered radiation has non-intuitive properties. A signalling system (28) is presented which provides a perceptible signal (34) being indicative of a predicted or measured spatial distribution of scattered radiation. An embodiment provides for easy assessment of the individual risk of scattered radiation exposure for personnel working in an environment exposed to scattered radiation. A method for predicting a distribution of scattered radiation takes into account at least one object related parameter (18) and at least one radiation related parameter (22) and, in response hereto, predicts a distribution of scattered radiation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to determining changes in the X-ray emission yield of an X-ray tube, in particular determining dose degradation. In order to provide determination of such changes, an X-ray source is provided comprising a cathode, an anode; and at least one X-ray sensor (16). The cathode emits electrons towards the anode and the anode comprises a target area on which the electrons impinge, generating X-ray radiation. An X-ray barrier (24) is provided with an aperture (26) for forming an emitting X-ray beam from the X-ray radiation, wherein the emitting X-ray beam has a beam formation (30) with a central axis. The at least one X-ray sensor is arranged within the beam formation and measures the X-ray intensity for a specific direction of X-ray emission with an angle with respect to the central axis. The at least one X- ray sensor can be positioned inside the beam formation (30), but outside the “actual field of view” (40) as determined by a diaphragm (36).

Abstract: An apparatus includes an x-ray source (112) that generates transmission radiation that traverses an examination region (108) and a detector (116) that includes a photo-converter (204) that detects the radiation and generates a signal indicative thereof. The photo-converter (204) includes a light receiving region (260) on a back side (264).5The light receiving region receives light indicative of the detected radiation. The photo-converter (204) further includes read-out electronics (240) within a front side (228), which is located opposite the back side (264). The read-out electronics (240) process a photo-current indicative of the received light to generate the signal indicative of the detected radiation. The photo-converter (204) further includes a photodiode (208, 212, 232) 10disposed between the light receiving region (260) and the read-out electronics (240). The photodiode (212) produces the photo-current.

Abstract: A detector unit (301) for detecting electromagnetic radiation (106), the detector unit (301) comprising a conversion material (332) adapted for converting impinging electromagnetic radiation (106) into electric charge carriers, a charge collection electrode (331) adapted for collecting the converted electric charge carriers, a shielding electrode (334, 335) adapted to form a capacitance with the charge collection electrode (331), and an evaluation circuit (312 to 315) electrically coupled with the charge collection electrode (331) and adapted for evaluating the electromagnetic radiation (106) based on the collected electric charge carriers.

Abstract: The application describes an X-ray detector for use in a medical equipment, wherein the detector comprises an unit for transforming X-ray radiation into electrical charge, a first capacitor for being charged by an electrical charge, wherein the first capacitor is electrically connected to the unit for transforming, a second capacitor for being charged by an electrical charge, and a first gain switching gate, wherein the second capacitor is electrically connected with the unit for transforming if the first gain switching gate is in on-state, wherein the detector is adapted to switch on the first gain switching gate for short periods. Further the application describes an X-ray system comprising a detector according to the invention, wherein the system is adapted for gain selection, wherein the detector is adapted to switch on the first gain switching gate for short periods.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic device provided with an electronic component which comprises an integrated circuit arrangement including a semiconducting substrate, active components, and passive components such as capacitors and resistors. The resistors comprise materials of a high resistivity and can be manufactured with resistance values which lie within a narrow tolerance range. The invention further relates to a transmitter, a receiver, an electronic component, a peripheral circuit, a current supply circuit, a filter module, and an integrated circuit arrangement.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the invention, signals coming from a number of pixels or sub-pixels are compared and those signals from pixels or sub-pixels, which are substantially brighter than the other pixels in the comparison, are excluded from contributing to the output signal, to suppress direct detection events in X-ray detectors. For this an X-ray detector apparatus (101) can comprise: —an array (102) of pixel arrangements (303), —each pixel arrangement (303) comprising at least one radiation collection device (311) for converting incident radiation into a collection device signal, —switching arrangements (313, 324, 314, 142; 313, 315, 314, 352, 142; 313, 315, 314; 361) for providing to respectively one output element (141) a signal derived from the collection device signals of a plurality of radiation collection devices (311) of at least one pixel arrangement (303).

Abstract: The integrated capacitor structure comprises a first branch with a first capacitor (60) and a second branch with a second capacitor (70). The second capacitor (70) has a higher capacitance density and a lower breakdown voltage than the first capacitor (60). The first branch has a shorter RC time constant than the second branch, such that a voltage peak will substantially follow the first branch. This first capacitor (60) has a sufficient capacity to store the charge of the voltage peak. In one embodiment, the second capacitor (70) is a stacked capacitor. The structure is suitable for ESD-protection and may, to this end, additionally comprise diodes (21) and resistors (22).

Abstract: Systems and methods for data acquisition in computed tomography (CT) applications are provided. The systems and methods are particularly adapted for scanning and acquiring/processing data in connection with high-power cone-beam CT applications. The electron beam is moved/scanned along the anode surface to multiple focal positions. Data acquisition for a full projection at one focus position and one view angle is achieved by activating each focus position multiple times during the data acquisition for one angle of the gantry. The detector array and associated data processing system are adapted to rapidly switch between the different focus positions during the acquisitions for one view angle and to collect all data belonging to the same projection into the same data set. Adaptive electron optics are utilized to move/scan the electron beam along the anode surface to the various focus positions.

Abstract: Scattered radiation has non-intuitive properties. A signalling system (28) is presented which provides a perceptible signal (34) being indicative of a predicted or measured spatial distribution of scattered radiation. An embodiment provides for easy assessment of the individual risk of scattered radiation exposure for personnel working in an environment exposed to scattered radiation. A method for predicting a distribution of scattered radiation takes into account at least one object related parameter (18) and at least one radiation related parameter (22) and, in response hereto, predicts a distribution of scattered radiation.

Abstract: A detector unit (301) for detecting electromagnetic radiation (106), the detector unit (301) comprising a conversion material (332) adapted for converting impinging electromagnetic radiation (106) into electric charge carriers, a charge collection electrode (331) adapted for collecting the converted electric charge carriers, a shielding electrode (334, 335) adapted to form a capacitance with the charge collection electrode (331), and an evaluation circuit (312 to 315) electrically coupled with the charge collection electrode (331) and adapted for evaluating the electromagnetic radiation (106) based on the collected electric charge carriers.

Abstract: Crystalline, single-phased layers of PbMg0.33 Nb0.6703 with relative dielectric constants of 1500 and more are prepared through the use of a precursor solution that comprises a macrocyclic complexing agent. This agent is added to the lead component in an organic solution. The resulting layer is part of a device which may further include semiconductor elements and resistors.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high frequency component with a substrate constructed of a plurality of dielectric layers and, between them, electrode layers having conducting track structures, in which substrate at least one capacitive element and at least one inductive element is formed, whereby at least one arrangement of opposed conducting track 5 structures is provided, these realizing simultaneously a capacitive and an inductive element, whereby the common-mode impedance and the push-pull impedance between the opposing conducting track structures are adjusted to differ by a factor of at least 2.

Abstract: Systems and methods for data acquisition in computed tomography (CT) applications are provided. The systems and methods are particularly adapted for scanning and acquiring/processing data in connection with high-power cone-beam CT applications. The electron beam is moved/scanned along the anode surface to multiple focal positions. Data acquisition for a full projection at one focus position and one view angle is achieved by activating each focus position multiple times during the data acquisition for one angle of the gantry. The detector array and associated data processing system are adapted to rapidly switch between the different focus positions during the acquisitions for one view angle and to collect all data belonging to the same projection into the same data set. Adaptive electron optics are utilized to move/scan the electron beam along the anode surface to the various focus positions.

Abstract: An MR apparatus has a resonant circuit, which is formed by an MR receiving coil (L1) and a capacitor (C1), and has an electronic control circuit (S) for switching the resonant circuit between two or more operating modes. The invention proposes that the electronic control circuit (S) be connected with a receiving device (L2) for wireless reception of a high-frequency electromagnetic control signal.

Abstract: The integrated capacitor structure comprises a first branch with a first capacitor (60) and a second branch with a second capacitor (70). The second capacitor (70) has a higher capacitance density and a lower breakdown voltage than the first capacitor (60). The first branch has a shorter RC time constant than the second branch, such that a voltage peak will substantially follow the first branch. This first capacitor (60) has a sufficient capacity to store the charge of the voltage peak. In one embodiment, the second capacitor (70) is a stacked capacitor. The structure is suitable for ESD-protection and may, to this end, additionally comprise diodes (21) and resistors (22).