Abstract: The reflection surface of a rectangular reflector for a lower beam headlamp is composed of four sectors delimited by transition lines. Two diametrically opposed left and right sectors (11, 12) form a part of a paraboloid projecting a hot light spot. The diametrically opposed upper and lower sectors (13, 14) are part of a paraboloid-ellipsoid defining a parabola in its vertical center section and an ellipsis in its horizontal center section. The latter sectors project a light spot having a broad light dispersion and an increased front field illumination. The reflected light beam corresponds substantially to a dimmed lower light beam to be projected on the road so that a light dispersing glass of the headlamp does not require any optical means for light beam adjustment.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel oxalyl dianilides of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, methoxy, ethoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 fluoroalkoxy containing 1 to 5 fluorine atoms,R.sub.1 is hydrogen, halogen, methyl, methoxy, ethoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 fluoroalkoxy containing 1 to 5 fluorine atoms, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylthio or cyano,R.sub.2 is hydrogen, halogen, methyl or methoxy,R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen or methyl,R.sub.5 is hydrogen, halogen, methyl, acetyl or trifluoromethyl,R.sub.6 is hydrogen, halogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl or carbalkoxy containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms in alkyl moiety, andR.sub.7 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 fluoroalkyl containing 1 to 7 fluorine atoms, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 haloalkoxy containing 1 to 7 halogen atoms or is the ##STR2## radical, in which R.sub.8 is hydrogen, chlorine, trifluoromethyl or a perhalogenated ethyl radical and X is hydrogen or chlorine; or is the ##STR3## radical, in which R.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool for closing pipe couplings between metal pipes (4, 5), the end of one pipe (4) being closingly engageable in a widened terminal part (6) of the other pipe (5), a sleeve ring (7) being pressed axially on to the widened part over the end face thereof. According to the invention, two pressing jaws (1, 2) movable towards and away from one another parallel to the pipe axes are provided and are forked in the pipe engaging zone, the sleeve ring (7) being retained in one pressing jaw (1) while the other pressing jaw (2) engages by means of tongs-action clamping jaws (10) with the funnel-shaped constriction between the widened part of the pipe and the unwidened part thereof. The outer ends of the clamping jaws (10) take the form of half-shells (12) which are in laterally inverted relationship to one another and whose inner shell surfaces are adapted to the pipe periphery.

Abstract: Benzoyl chloride is prepared by a process in which the high-boiling residue obtained in the catalytic oxidation of toluene with oxygen or oxygen-containing gases in the liquid phase is largely freed of heavy metal salts which are present, and is then chlorinated at elevated temperatures, optionally under the action of light, and the benzoyl chloride is then separated off.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the processes for producing polycarbonates from specific crude bisphenols. The bisphenols are characterized in that immediately after their preparation they are subjected to (i) separation, of excess phenols and low-boiling substances, by means of an evaporator, and (ii) removal of monophenols by desorption.The invention also relates to high-molecular weight aromatic polycarbonates made of crude bisphenols and their use in a variety of applications.

Abstract: A process for the production of mixtures of alkylated aromatic polyhydroxy compounds by reacting alkylated phenols with carbonyl compounds, wherein acidic organic ion exchangers are used as catalysts and commercial dialkyl phenols as the phenol and any unreacted starting phenols separated off are completely recycled into the process without intermediate purification, and the application of the thus produced polyhydroxyl compounds for making thermoplastic polycarbonates.

Abstract: Procecss for the preparation of alkyl aryl ethers by reacting phenols with aliphatic ethers in the presence of strongly acid cation exchangers.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of alkyl aryl ethers by reacting aromatic hydroxy compounds with aliphatic alcohols in the presence of strongly acidic cation exchangers based on synthetic resins using the aromatic hydroxy compound in excess of the aliphatic alcohol.